Kelley Matthew R, Neath Ian, Surprenant Aimée M
Am J Psychol. 2014 Summer;127(2):137-45. doi: 10.5406/amerjpsyc.127.2.0137.
Did the serial position functions observed in certain semantic memory tasks (e.g., remembering the order of books or films) arise because they really tapped episodic memory? To address this issue, participants were asked to make "remember-know" judgments as they reconstructed the release order of the 7 Harry Potter books and 2 sets of movies. For both classes of stimuli, the "remember" and "know" serial position functions were indistinguishable, and all showed the characteristic U-shape with marked primacy and recency effects. These results are inconsistent with a multiple memory systems view, which predicts recency effects only for "remember" responses and no recency effects for "know" responses. However, the data were consistent with a general memory principle account: the relative distinctiveness principle. According to this view, performance on both episodic and semantic memory tasks arises from the same type of processing: Items that are more separated from their close neighbors in psychological space at the time of recall will be better remembered.
在某些语义记忆任务（如记住书籍或电影的顺序）中观察到的系列位置函数，是因为它们真的利用了情景记忆才出现的吗？为了解决这个问题，参与者在重建7本《哈利·波特》书籍和2组电影的发行顺序时，被要求做出“记得-知道”判断。对于这两类刺激，“记得”和“知道”的系列位置函数无法区分，并且都呈现出具有明显首因效应和近因效应的特征U形。这些结果与多重记忆系统观点不一致，该观点预测只有“记得”反应会出现近因效应，而“知道”反应不会出现近因效应。然而，数据与一个一般记忆原则解释一致：相对独特性原则。根据这个观点，情景记忆和语义记忆任务的表现都源于同一种类型的加工：在回忆时在心理空间中与相邻近项目区分度更高的项目会被更好地记住。
