Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM) and Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM) and Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Int Rev Cell Mol Biol. 2014;311:265-306. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-800179-0.00007-6.
The epidermis is a stratified epithelium that relies on its cytoskeleton and cell junctions to protect the body against mechanical injury, dehydration, and infections. Keratin intermediate filament proteins are involved in many of these functions by forming cell-specific cytoskeletal scaffolds crucial for the maintenance of cell and tissue integrity. In response to various stresses, the expression and organization of keratins are altered at transcriptional and posttranslational levels to restore tissue homeostasis. Failure to restore tissue homeostasis in the presence of keratin gene mutations results in acute and chronic skin disorders for which currently no rational therapies are available. Here, we review the recent progress on the role of keratins in cytoarchitecture, adhesion, signaling, and inflammation. By focusing on epidermal keratins, we illustrate the contribution of keratin isotypes to differentiated epithelial functions.
表皮是一种分层上皮组织，依靠其细胞骨架和细胞连接来保护身体免受机械损伤、脱水和感染。角蛋白中间丝蛋白通过形成细胞特异性细胞骨架支架，在维持细胞和组织完整性方面发挥着重要作用，参与了许多这些功能。为了响应各种应激，角蛋白的表达和组织在转录和翻译后水平上发生改变，以恢复组织内稳态。在存在角蛋白基因突变的情况下，如果不能恢复组织内稳态，就会导致急性和慢性皮肤疾病，目前尚无合理的治疗方法。在这里，我们回顾了角蛋白在细胞结构、黏附、信号转导和炎症中的作用的最新进展。通过关注表皮角蛋白，我们说明了角蛋白同工型对分化上皮功能的贡献。
