减少中东地区精神疾病污名化的建议途径。
Suggested avenues to reduce the stigma of mental illness in the Middle East.
作者信息
Sewilam Ahmed M, Watson Annie M M, Kassem Ahmed M, Clifton Sue, McDonald Margaret C, Lipski Rebecca, Deshpande Smita, Mansour Hader, Nimgaonkar Vishwajit L
机构信息
Department of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
出版信息
Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2015 Mar;61(2):111-20. doi: 10.1177/0020764014537234. Epub 2014 Jun 23.
BACKGROUND
Stigma toward mentally ill individuals acts as a barrier to accessing care and receiving treatment.
AIM
To review current evidence pertaining to stigma toward mental illness in the Middle East in order to inform effective and sustainable interventions in this region.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic literature search using the PubMed database and evaluated all identified studies according to specific inclusion criteria.
RESULTS
Stigma toward individuals with mental illness does exist in the Middle East. Stigmatizing attitudes are particularly high toward culturally proscribed mental illnesses like alcohol abuse and lower for other disorders such as depression and psychosis.
CONCLUSIONS
We propose the following initiatives to reduce stigma toward mental illness in the Middle East: (a) educate families to enable them to support their affected relatives, (b) increase cooperation between psychiatrists and faith healers and (c) educate young people in schools to increase their awareness and understanding of mental illnesses and to combat negative stereotypes.
背景
对精神疾病患者的污名化成为了获得护理和接受治疗的障碍。
目的
回顾中东地区目前有关精神疾病污名化的证据，以便为该地区有效且可持续的干预措施提供依据。
方法
我们使用PubMed数据库进行了系统的文献检索，并根据特定纳入标准评估所有已识别的研究。
结果
中东地区确实存在对精神疾病患者的污名化现象。对诸如酗酒等文化禁忌的精神疾病，污名化态度尤为强烈，而对抑郁症和精神病等其他疾病的污名化程度则较低。
结论
我们提出以下举措以减少中东地区对精神疾病的污名化：(a) 教育家庭使其能够支持患病亲属，(b) 加强精神科医生与信仰治疗师之间的合作，(c) 在学校对年轻人进行教育，以提高他们对精神疾病的认识和理解，并消除负面刻板印象。
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