Water Environ Res. 2014 May;86(5):422-32. doi: 10.2175/106143013x13807328849972.
Phytoremediation of arsenic (As) by water chestnut (Trapa natans) in a hydroponic system was studied. Plants were grown at two concentrations of arsenic, 1.28 mg/L and 10.80 mg/L, in a single metal solution. Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) confirmed highest arsenic concentration in the roots, followed by shoots and leaves. SEM-EDX also confirmed internalization of arsenic in T. natans and the damage caused due to arsenic exposure. Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy (FT-IRS) indicated that the binding characteristics of the arsenic ions involved the hydroxyl, amide, amino, and thiol groups in the biomass. Chlorophyll concentration decreased with increasing metal concentration and duration of exposure, but proline content increases with increasing concentration in the plant. Morphological changes were studied on the 3rd, 5th and 7th day. Unhealthy growth and chlorosis were found to be related with arsenic toxicity. From the above studies it is clear that T. natans can be used successfully for the removal of arsenic ions by a phytoremediation process.
采用水培系统研究了菱（Trapa natans）对砷（As）的植物修复作用。在单一金属溶液中，将植物在两种砷浓度（1.28mg/L 和 10.80mg/L）下进行培养。扫描电子显微镜-能量色散 X 射线（SEM-EDX）证实，根中砷浓度最高，其次是茎叶。SEM-EDX 还证实了砷在 T. natans 中的内化以及砷暴露造成的损伤。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IRS）表明，砷离子的结合特征涉及生物质中的羟基、酰胺、氨基和巯基。随着金属浓度和暴露时间的增加，叶绿素浓度降低，但脯氨酸含量随植物中浓度的增加而增加。第 3、5 和 7 天研究了形态变化。发现生长不良和黄化与砷毒性有关。从上述研究可以清楚地看出，菱可以通过植物修复过程成功去除砷离子。
