Shafai Touraj, Mustafa Monika, Hild Tannaz
Inland Empire Children's Medical Group and Breastfeeding Medicine Clinic , Riverside, California.
Breastfeed Med. 2014 Oct;9(8):375-6. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2014.0062. Epub 2014 Jul 9.
There had been a gradual decline in breastfeeding rates in the United States starting in the early 1900s, and we witnessed the lowest rates of breastfeeding in the 1960s and 1970s. Simultaneously there were reports of pregnant mothers and children who were at risk of malnutrition. A White House Conference that was held on food, nutrition, and health in 1969 reported that nutritional deficiencies among low-income women and children threatened their health and led to higher medical costs. This prompted the U.S. Congress to enact legislations to address malnutrition in low-income pregnant, breastfeeding, or postpartum women, as well as their infants and children. The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) was enacted in 1972 and was initially limited to breastfeeding mothers and their children. In 1974 the eligibility was extended to formula-feeding infants and their mothers. The breastfeeding rates in the United States have gradually increased in the past 20 years; however, they continue to lag behind in low-income families. In this communication we provide the rationale for a strategy to promote exclusive breastfeeding in low-income families by improving the WIC food package for breastfeeding mothers.
自20世纪初以来，美国的母乳喂养率一直在逐渐下降，我们见证了20世纪60年代和70年代的最低母乳喂养率。与此同时，有报道称孕妇和儿童面临营养不良的风险。1969年举行的一次关于食品、营养和健康的白宫会议报告称，低收入妇女和儿童的营养缺乏威胁到他们的健康，并导致更高的医疗成本。这促使美国国会颁布立法，以解决低收入孕妇、哺乳期妇女或产后妇女及其婴儿和儿童的营养不良问题。妇女、婴儿和儿童特别补充营养计划（WIC）于1972年颁布，最初仅限于母乳喂养的母亲及其子女。1974年，资格范围扩大到配方奶喂养的婴儿及其母亲。在过去20年里，美国的母乳喂养率逐渐上升；然而，低收入家庭的母乳喂养率仍然滞后。在本通讯中，我们阐述了通过改进为母乳喂养母亲提供的WIC食品套餐来促进低收入家庭纯母乳喂养的策略的基本原理。
