Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Centro di Ricerca per lo studio delle relazioni tra Pianta e Suolo, Via della Navicella 2, 4, Roma 00184, Italy.
C.N.R. - Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria UOS Pisa, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Sci Total Environ. 2014 Sep 15;493:983-94. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.086. Epub 2014 Jul 9.
The cultivation of GMPs in Europe raises many questions about the environmental risks, in particular about their ecological impact on non-target organisms and on soil properties. The aim of a multidisciplinary group engaged in a LIFE+project (MAN-GMP-ITA) was to validate and improve an existing environmental risk assessment (ERA) methodology on GMPs within the European legislative framework on GMOs. Given the impossibility of evaluating GMO impact directly, as GMPs are banned in Italy, GMPs have not been used at any stage of the project. The project thus specifically focused on the conditions for the implementation of ERA in different areas of Italy, with an emphasis on some sensitive and protected areas located in the North, Centre, and South of the country, in order to lay the necessary baseline for evaluating the possible effects of a GMP on soil communities. Our sub-group carried out soil analyses in order to obtain soil health and fertility indicators to be used as baselines in the ERA model. Using various methods of chemical, biochemical, functional and genetic analysis, our study assessed the changes in diversity and functionality of bacterial populations, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The results show that plant identity and growth, soil characteristics, and field site climatic parameters are key factors in contributing to variation in microbial community structure and diversity, thus validating our methodological approach. Our project has come to the conclusion that the uneven composition and biological-agronomical quality of soils need to be taken into consideration in a risk analysis within the framework of ERA for the release of genetically modified plants.
欧洲的 GMP 培养引发了许多关于环境风险的问题，特别是它们对非目标生物和土壤特性的生态影响。一个从事 LIFE+项目（MAN-GMP-ITA）的多学科小组的目的是在欧洲关于转基因生物的立法框架内验证和改进现有的关于 GMP 的环境风险评估（ERA）方法。由于 GMP 在意大利被禁止，因此不可能直接评估 GMO 的影响，而 GMP 在项目的任何阶段都没有被使用。因此，该项目特别关注在意大利不同地区实施 ERA 的条件，重点是该国北部、中部和南部的一些敏感和受保护地区，以便为评估 GMP 对土壤群落可能产生的影响奠定必要的基础。我们的小组进行了土壤分析，以获得用于 ERA 模型的土壤健康和肥力指标作为基线。我们的研究使用各种化学、生化、功能和遗传分析方法，评估了细菌种群和丛枝菌根真菌多样性和功能的变化。结果表明，植物的身份和生长、土壤特性以及田间地点的气候参数是导致微生物群落结构和多样性变化的关键因素，从而验证了我们的方法学方法。我们的项目得出的结论是，在释放转基因植物的 ERA 风险分析中，需要考虑土壤的不均匀组成和生物农业质量。
