Havens Kathryn L, Sigward Susan M
Division of Biokinesiology & Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, United States.
Division of Biokinesiology & Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, United States.
Gait Posture. 2015 Sep;42(3):240-5. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.07.022. Epub 2014 Aug 2.
Quick changes of direction during running (cutting) represent a whole body mechanical challenge, as they require deceleration and translation of the body during ongoing movement. While much is known with respect to whole body demands during walking turns, whole body mechanics and anticipatory adjustments necessary for cutting are unclear. As the ability to rapidly change direction is critical to athletes' success in many sports, a better understanding of whole body adjustments made during cuts is needed. Whole body center of mass velocity and position during the approach and execution steps of three tasks (straight running, 45° sidestep cut, and 90° sidestep cut) performed as fast as possible were compared in 25 healthy soccer athletes. Repeated measure ANOVA revealed that overall, braking and translation were greater during the cuts compared to the straight run. Interestingly, with systematically increased cut angle, disproportionately greater braking but proportionately greater translation was observed. Anticipatory adjustments made prior to the execution of the cuts suggested that individuals evenly distributed the deceleration and redirection demands across steps of the 45° cut but prioritized deceleration over translation during the approach step of the 90° cut.
跑步过程中的快速变向（切入）对整个身体的力学构成挑战，因为这要求在持续运动过程中身体进行减速和平移。虽然我们对步行转弯时的全身需求了解很多，但切入所需的全身力学和预期调整尚不清楚。由于快速改变方向的能力对运动员在许多运动项目中的成功至关重要，因此需要更好地了解切入过程中所做的全身调整。对25名健康足球运动员在尽可能快地执行三项任务（直线跑步、45°侧步切入和90°侧步切入）的接近和执行步骤中的全身质心速度和位置进行了比较。重复测量方差分析显示，总体而言，与直线跑步相比，切入过程中的制动和平移更大。有趣的是，随着切入角度的系统增加，观察到制动增加的比例更大，但平移增加的比例成比例。在切入执行之前所做的预期调整表明，个体在45°切入的各个步骤中均匀分配减速和重新定向需求，但在90°切入的接近步骤中，减速优先于平移。
