Fernandez-Fernandez J, Boullosa D A, Sanz-Rivas D, Abreu L, Filaire E, Mendez-Villanueva A
Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernandez University, Elche, (Alicante) - Spain.
Educação Física, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Águas Claras, Brazil.
Int J Sports Med. 2015 Jan;36(1):22-8. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1384544. Epub 2014 Sep 24.
This study sought to compare the psychophysiological stress responses during an actual competitive game and a training session in a group of high-level young female tennis players. 12 players were monitored during one match and a training day (i.e., simulated match play). Measurements included salivary cortisol (SC), the revised Competitive Sport Anxiety Inventory, heart rate (HR), and rate of perceived exertion (RPE). Match day elicited higher SC levels for losers at all points in time when compared to winners. All players showed significantly lower SC levels during training when compared to the match at all points in time except during the evening for winners. Winners of match and training situations had significantly higher self-confidence and lower cognitive anxiety and somatic anxiety scores than losers. Heart rate and RPE were significantly higher for losers only during the match (158.9±8.3 vs. 168±6.7 bpm; 12.9±1.2 vs. 15±0.8, for losers and winners, respectively). There were moderate to strong correlations between SC, self-confidence and anxiety scores, and match workload (i.e., HR and RPE) only during the match day. These results indicate that the interplay between psychophysiological responses, match workload and outcome was evident only under real competitive situations.
本研究旨在比较一组高水平年轻女子网球运动员在实际比赛和训练期间的心理生理应激反应。在一场比赛和一个训练日（即模拟比赛）期间对12名运动员进行了监测。测量指标包括唾液皮质醇（SC）、修订后的竞技运动焦虑量表、心率（HR）和主观用力程度（RPE）。与获胜者相比，失败者在比赛日的所有时间点唾液皮质醇水平均更高。与比赛相比，所有运动员在训练期间的唾液皮质醇水平在除获胜者晚上之外的所有时间点均显著更低。比赛和训练情况下的获胜者比失败者具有显著更高的自信心以及更低的认知焦虑和躯体焦虑得分。仅在比赛期间，失败者的心率和主观用力程度显著更高（失败者和获胜者分别为158.9±8.3与168±6.7次/分钟；12.9±1.2与15±0.8）。仅在比赛日，唾液皮质醇、自信心和焦虑得分以及比赛负荷（即心率和主观用力程度）之间存在中度至高度相关性。这些结果表明，心理生理反应、比赛负荷和结果之间的相互作用仅在真实竞争情境下才明显。
