Ouwendijk Werner J D, Verjans Georges M G M
Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
J Pathol. 2015 Jan;235(2):298-311. doi: 10.1002/path.4451.
Varicelloviruses in primates comprise the prototypic human varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and its non-human primate homologue, simian varicella virus (SVV). Both viruses cause varicella as a primary infection, establish latency in ganglionic neurons and reactivate later in life to cause herpes zoster in their respective hosts. VZV is endemic worldwide and, although varicella is usually a benign disease in childhood, VZV reactivation is a significant cause of neurological disease in the elderly and in immunocompromised individuals. The pathogenesis of VZV infection remains ill-defined, mostly due to the species restriction of VZV that impedes studies in experimental animal models. SVV infection of non-human primates parallels virological, clinical, pathological and immunological features of human VZV infection, thereby providing an excellent model to study the pathogenesis of varicella and herpes zoster in its natural host. In this review, we discuss recent studies that provided novel insight in both the virus and host factors involved in the three elementary stages of Varicellovirus infection in primates: primary infection, latency and reactivation.
灵长类动物中的水痘病毒包括典型的人类水痘带状疱疹病毒（VZV）及其非人类灵长类同源病毒——猴水痘病毒（SVV）。两种病毒均以水痘作为原发性感染，在神经节神经元中建立潜伏感染，并在宿主日后生活中重新激活，引发带状疱疹。VZV在全球范围内流行，虽然水痘在儿童期通常是一种良性疾病，但VZV重新激活是老年人和免疫功能低下个体发生神经系统疾病的重要原因。VZV感染的发病机制仍不明确，主要是由于VZV的种属限制性阻碍了在实验动物模型中的研究。非人类灵长类动物的SVV感染与人类VZV感染的病毒学、临床、病理和免疫学特征相似，因此为研究水痘和带状疱疹在其自然宿主中的发病机制提供了一个极佳的模型。在本综述中，我们讨论了最近的研究，这些研究为灵长类动物水痘病毒感染的三个基本阶段（原发性感染、潜伏感染和重新激活）所涉及的病毒和宿主因素提供了新的见解。
