Highly alloyed PtRu nanoparticles confined in porous carbon structure as a durable electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation.

The state-of-the-art carbon-supported PtRu catalysts are widely used as the anode catalysts in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEMFCs) but suffer from instability issues. Severe ruthenium dissolution occurring at potentials higher than 0.5 V vs NHE would result in a loss of catalytic activity of PtRu hence a worse performance of the fuel cell. In this work, we report an ultrastable PtRu electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation by confining highly alloyed PtRu nanoparticles in a hierarchical porous carbon structure. The structural characteristics, e.g., the surface composition and the morphology evolution, of the catalyst during the accelerated degradation test were characterized by the Cu-stripping voltammetry and the TEM/SEM observations. From the various characterization results, it is revealed that both the high alloying degree and the pore confinement of PtRu nanoalloys play significant roles in suppressing the degradation processes, including Ru dissolution and particle agglomeration/migration. This report provides an opportunity for efficient design and fabrication of highly stable bimetallic or trimetallic electrocatalysts in a large variety of applications.