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西非冈比亚和塞拉利昂的高血压患病率:一项横断面研究。

Prevalence of hypertension in the Gambia and Sierra Leone, western Africa: a cross-sectional study.

作者信息

Awad Morcos, Ruzza Andrea, Mirocha James, Setareh-Shenas Saman, Pixton J Robert, Soliman Camelia, Czer Lawrence S C

机构信息

Division of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California.

Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California.

出版信息

Cardiovasc J Afr. 2014 Nov-Dec;25(6):269-78. doi: 10.5830/CVJA-2014-058. Epub 2014 Sep 29.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Hypertension (HTN) is one of the causes of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Africa, and may be associated with lower socio-economic status (SES). The prevalence of HTN is not well established in the Gambia or in Sierra Leone.

METHODS

A cross-sectional, population-based study of adults was conducted in the Gambia in 2000 and in Sierra Leone from 2001 to 2003 and in 2009. The study was conducted as part of the annual visit to countries in western Africa sponsored by a medical delegation from California. People from the Gambia and Sierra Leone were examined by the medical delegation and blood pressures were measured.

RESULTS

A total of 2 615 adults were examined: 1 400 females and 1 215 males. The mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) of the females was 134.3 ± 29.7 mmHg, mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 84.5 ± 17.5 mmHg, and 46.2% were hypertensive. The mean SBP of the males was 132.8 ± 28.5 mmHg, mean DBP was 82.8 ± 16.2 mmHg, and 43.2% were hypertensive. Overall prevalence of HTN in the subjects was 44.8%. Mean SBP, mean DBP and HTN prevalence increased with age decade, both in males and females. In addition, after age adjustment (known age), females had higher mean SBP (p = 0.042), mean DBP (p = 0.001) and rate of occurrence of HTN (p = 0.016) when compared with males.

CONCLUSIONS

Prevalence rates of HTN in the Gambia and Sierra Leone were higher than 40% in males and females, and may be a major contributor to CVD in both countries. Due to the association of HTN with low SES, improvements in educational, public health, economic, non-governmental and governmental efforts in the Gambia and Sierra Leone may lead to a lower prevalence of HTN. The cause of the higher prevalence in women may be due to post-menopausal hormonal changes.

摘要

背景

高血压(HTN)是非洲心血管疾病(CVD)的病因之一,且可能与较低的社会经济地位(SES)相关。冈比亚和塞拉利昂的高血压患病率尚未完全明确。

方法

2000年在冈比亚以及2001年至2003年和2009年在塞拉利昂对成年人开展了一项基于人群的横断面研究。该研究是由来自加利福尼亚的一个医学代表团对西非各国进行年度访问的一部分。来自冈比亚和塞拉利昂的人员接受了医学代表团的检查并测量了血压。

结果

总共检查了2615名成年人:1400名女性和1215名男性。女性的平均收缩压(SBP)为134.3±29.7 mmHg,平均舒张压(DBP)为84.5±17.5 mmHg,46.2%为高血压患者。男性的平均SBP为132.8±28.5 mmHg,平均DBP为82.8±16.2 mmHg,43.2%为高血压患者。研究对象中高血压的总体患病率为44.8%。男性和女性的平均SBP、平均DBP和高血压患病率均随年龄每增长十岁而升高。此外,在年龄调整(已知年龄)后,与男性相比,女性的平均SBP更高(p = 0.042)、平均DBP更高(p = 0.001)且高血压发生率更高(p = 0.016)。

结论

冈比亚和塞拉利昂的高血压患病率在男性和女性中均高于40%,可能是这两个国家心血管疾病的主要促成因素。由于高血压与低社会经济地位相关,冈比亚和塞拉利昂在教育、公共卫生、经济、非政府和政府方面的改善措施可能会降低高血压的患病率。女性患病率较高的原因可能是绝经后激素变化。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/73ef/4327182/77dff137b659/cvja-25-271-g001.jpg

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