Renard-Penna Raphaële, Martin Aurélie, Conort Pierre, Mozer Pierre, Grenier Philippe
Department of Radiology, Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France,
World J Urol. 2015 Feb;33(2):193-202. doi: 10.1007/s00345-014-1416-0. Epub 2014 Oct 26.
We discuss in this review, urologists' expectations of imaging in terms of detection, characterization, pre-planning treatment and follow-up of urinary stones.
Data acquisition regarding kidney stones and imaging was performed using MEDLINE searches with combinations of the following keywords: urinary stones, CT Urography, low dose CT, MRI urography, renal stones ultrasound, conventional radiography, surgery.
CT has become the gold standard for the evaluation of urinary stones. Scanning provides information regarding stone (composition, size, burden, location), collecting system and renal parenchyma. Those findings are crucial in determining appropriate treatment strategies. Because CT exposes the patient to substantial ionizing radiation, efforts have already been made to decrease the CT radiation dose for CT examination (low dose CT) and optimize image quality. Efforts also are being made to use non ionizing modalities such as ultrasound in combination with radiography particularly for the follow up of renal stones.
CT is the preferred method for the evaluation and treatment planning of urolithiasis. CT radiation dose reduction can be achieved with low dose CT. However, conventional radiography and ultrasound are still recommended in the follow up of renal stones.
在本综述中，我们探讨了泌尿外科医生在尿路结石的检测、特征描述、治疗前规划及随访方面对影像学检查的期望。
使用MEDLINE检索，通过以下关键词组合进行有关肾结石及影像学检查的数据采集：尿路结石、CT尿路造影、低剂量CT、磁共振尿路造影、肾结石超声检查、传统放射照相术、外科手术。
CT已成为评估尿路结石的金标准。扫描可提供有关结石（成分、大小、负荷、位置）、集合系统及肾实质的信息。这些发现对于确定合适的治疗策略至关重要。由于CT会使患者暴露于大量电离辐射中，人们已努力降低CT检查的辐射剂量（低剂量CT）并优化图像质量。同时也在努力将非电离检查方法如超声与放射照相术联合使用，尤其用于肾结石的随访。
CT是尿路结石评估及治疗规划的首选方法。低剂量CT可实现CT辐射剂量的降低。然而，在肾结石随访中仍推荐使用传统放射照相术及超声检查。
