Relaño A, Dukelsky J, Pérez-Fernández P, Arias J M
Departamento de Física Aplicada I and GISC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2014 Oct;90(4):042139. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.90.042139. Epub 2014 Oct 27.
The ground state and spectral properties of Bose gases in double-well potentials are studied in two different scenarios: (i) an interacting atomic Bose gas, and (ii) a mixture of an atomic gas interacting with diatomic molecules. A ground state second-order quantum phase transition is observed in both scenarios. For large attractive values of the atom-atom interaction, the ground state is degenerate. For repulsive and small attractive interaction, the ground state is not degenerate and is well approximated by a boson coherent state. Both systems depict an excited state quantum phase transition. In both cases, a critical energy separates a region in which all the energy levels are degenerate in pairs, from another region in which there are no degeneracies. For the atomic system, the critical point displays a singularity in the density of states, whereas this behavior is largely smoothed for the mixed atom-molecule system.
(i)相互作用的原子玻色气体,以及(ii)与双原子分子相互作用的原子气体混合物。在这两种情形下均观察到基态二阶量子相变。对于原子 - 原子相互作用的大吸引值,基态是简并的。对于排斥和小吸引相互作用,基态是非简并的,并且由玻色相干态很好地近似。两个系统都呈现出激发态量子相变。在这两种情况下,一个临界能量将所有能级成对简并的区域与不存在简并的另一个区域分隔开。对于原子系统,临界点在态密度中显示出奇异性,而对于混合原子 - 分子系统,这种行为在很大程度上被平滑了。