Temesgen Chanie, Demissie Meaza
ᅟ, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
BMC Health Serv Res. 2014 Nov 19;14:593. doi: 10.1186/s12913-014-0593-2.
Tuberculosis (TB) is highly prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, making the risk of infection transmission high in these countries. Despite high prevalence of TB and expected high probability of nosocomial transmission in Ethiopia, a rapid assessment done in 2008 revealed that most health facilities in Ethiopia do not use tuberculosis infection control (TBIC) practices. Patients and providers are therefore at risk of exposure to TB, especially at high case load facilities. The purpose of this study was to assess TBIC knowledge and practices among health professionals working in hospitals in the Amhara region of Northwest Ethiopia.
An institution-based hybrid study was implemented form August 2010 to January 2011. The subjects were health professionals who were proportionally selected from each hospital. Subjects self-administered a questionnaire that contained sections on socio-demographics and on TBIC knowledge and practice. Those answering ≥60% of knowledge questions correctly and ≥50% of practice questions correctly were considered to have good knowledge and practice, respectively.
A total of 313 healthcare professionals were enrolled from four healthcare facilities. The response rate was 96%. Only 18.8% received in-service training. Among those who were trained, 74.4%, 95% CI (69.6, 79.3%) were found to have good knowledge and 63.2%, 95% CI (57.9, 68.6%) good practice on TBIC. Training was found to be a predictor of TBIC knowledge, AOR* 3.386 and 95% CI (1.377, 8.330) while knowledge of TBIC was a strong predictor of good TBIC practice, AOR* 10.667 and 95% CI (5.769, 19.721).
Though the majority of the respondents had good TBIC knowledge and practice, a considerable proportion of healthcare professionals were not trained on TBIC. Respondents trained on TBIC were found to be more knowledgeable than those not trained. Similarly, respondents with good TBIC knowledge were 10 times more likely to have good TBIC practice compared to those with poor TBIC knowledge. Training was not found to have an effect on TBIC practice. *Adjusted Odds Ratio.
结核病在撒哈拉以南非洲地区高度流行，这使得这些国家的感染传播风险很高。尽管埃塞俄比亚的结核病患病率很高且医院内传播的可能性预计也很高，但2008年进行的一项快速评估显示，埃塞俄比亚的大多数医疗机构并未采用结核病感染控制（TBIC）措施。因此，患者和医护人员都面临接触结核病的风险，尤其是在高病例数的医疗机构。本研究的目的是评估埃塞俄比亚西北部阿姆哈拉地区医院的医护人员对TBIC的知识和实践情况。
2010年8月至2011年1月实施了一项基于机构的混合研究。研究对象是从每家医院按比例挑选出的医护人员。研究对象自行填写一份问卷，问卷内容包括社会人口统计学以及TBIC知识和实践等部分。正确回答≥60%知识问题且正确回答≥50%实践问题的人员分别被认为具有良好的知识和实践能力。
从四家医疗机构共招募了313名医护人员。回复率为96%。只有18.8%的人接受过在职培训。在接受培训的人员中，发现74.4%（95%置信区间[69.6, 79.3%]）对TBIC有良好的知识掌握，63.2%（95%置信区间[57.9, 68.6%]）对TBIC有良好的实践能力。培训被发现是TBIC知识的一个预测因素，调整优势比（AOR）为3.386，95%置信区间（1.377, 8.330），而TBIC知识是良好TBIC实践的一个强有力的预测因素，AOR为10.667，95%置信区间（5.769, 19.721）。
尽管大多数受访者对TBIC有良好的知识和实践能力，但仍有相当比例的医护人员未接受过TBIC培训。接受过TBIC培训的受访者被发现比未接受培训的受访者知识更丰富。同样，与TBIC知识较差的受访者相比，TBIC知识良好的受访者有良好TBIC实践的可能性要高出10倍。未发现培训对TBIC实践有影响。*调整优势比
