Abdul Wahab Norsuhaila, Ahdan Rohaina, Ahmad Aufa Zabidah, Kong Kin Weng, Johar Mohd Hafizan, Shariff Mohd Zalilah, Ismail Amin
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
J Sci Food Agric. 2015 Oct;95(13):2704-11. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.7006. Epub 2014 Dec 12.
Diverse plants species in the forest remain under-utilised and they are mainly consumed only by local people. However, increasing issues in food security prompted the present study, which explores the nutritional and antioxidant aspects of Malaysian under-utilised vegetables. The studied vegetables were Paku Nyai (Stenochlaena palustris), Cemperai (Champereia manillana), Maman Pasir (Cleome viscose), Dudung (Erechtites valerianifolia) and Semambuk (Ardisia pendula).
Overall, these vegetables exhibited a low proximal content but they were high in vitamin C [7.07-1263 mg kg(-1) edible fresh sample (EFS)] and β-carotene content (18.4-43.9 mg kg(-1) kg(-1) EFS). Cemperai had the highest calcium content (565 mg kg(-1) EFS), whereas Semambuk had the highest total phenolic content [28.21 g gallic acid equivalents kg(-1) edible dried sample (EDS)] and antioxidant activity (86.1%) measured using β-carotene bleaching assay. Maman Pasir contained the highest total flavonoid content (39.99 g CE kg(-1) EDS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging activity (82.2%). The extracts of these vegetables had significantly prevented the oxidation of haemoglobin and low-density lipoprotein, which yielded a reduced production of malondialdehyde.
Semambuk and Maman Pasir are potent to be used as new food and functional food sources as they are rich in nutrients and antioxidants.
森林中的多种植物物种仍未得到充分利用，主要仅被当地人食用。然而，日益严重的粮食安全问题促使了本研究，该研究探索了马来西亚未充分利用蔬菜的营养和抗氧化方面。所研究的蔬菜有 Nyai 蕨菜（Stenochlaena palustris）、Cemperai（Champereia manillana）、Maman Pasir（Cleome viscose）、Dudung（Erechtites valerianifolia）和 Semambuk（Ardisia pendula）。
总体而言，这些蔬菜的常规营养成分含量较低，但维生素 C 含量较高[7.07 - 1263 毫克/千克可食新鲜样品（EFS）]，β - 胡萝卜素含量也较高（18.4 - 43.9 毫克/千克 EFS）。Cemperai 的钙含量最高（565 毫克/千克 EFS），而 Semambuk 的总酚含量最高[28.21 克没食子酸当量/千克可食干样品（EDS）]，并且使用β - 胡萝卜素漂白法测得的抗氧化活性最高（86.1%）。Maman Pasir 的总黄酮含量最高（39.99 克儿茶素当量/千克 EDS），1,1 - 二苯基 - 2 - 苦基肼自由基清除活性最高（82.2%）。这些蔬菜的提取物显著抑制了血红蛋白和低密度脂蛋白的氧化，减少了丙二醛的产生。
Semambuk 和 Maman Pasir 因其富含营养和抗氧化剂，有潜力用作新的食物和功能性食物来源。
