Lanaro Rafael, Costa José L, Cazenave Silvia O S, Zanolli-Filho Luiz A, Tavares Marina F M, Chasin Alice A M
Poison Control Center, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-887, Brazil.
J Forensic Sci. 2015 Jan;60 Suppl 1:S241-7. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.12628. Epub 2014 Nov 20.
In this work, two methods were developed to determine herbicides paraquat, glyphosate, and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in marijuana samples by capillary electrophoresis. For paraquat analysis, sample was extracted with aqueous acetic acid solution and analyzed by capillary zone electrophoresis with direct UV detection. The running electrolyte was 50 mmol/L phosphate buffer (pH 2.50). For glyphosate and AMPA, indirect UV/VIS detection was used, as these substances do not present chromophoric groups. Samples were extracted with 5 mmol/L hydrochloric acid. The running electrolyte was 10 mmol/L gallic acid, 6 mmol/L TRIS, and 0.1 mmol/L CTAB (pH = 4.7). The methods presented good linearity, precision, accuracy, and recovery. Paraquat was detected in 12 samples (n = 130), ranging from 0.01 to 25.1 mg/g. Three samples were positive for glyphosate (0.15-0.75 mg/g), and one sample presented AMPA as well. Experimental studies are suggested to evaluate the risks of these concentrations to marijuana user.
在本研究中，开发了两种通过毛细管电泳测定大麻样品中除草剂百草枯、草甘膦和氨甲基膦酸（AMPA）的方法。对于百草枯分析，样品用乙酸水溶液萃取，然后通过直接紫外检测的毛细管区带电泳进行分析。运行电解质为50 mmol/L磷酸盐缓冲液（pH 2.50）。对于草甘膦和AMPA，由于这些物质没有发色基团，因此采用间接紫外/可见检测。样品用5 mmol/L盐酸萃取。运行电解质为10 mmol/L没食子酸、6 mmol/L三羟甲基氨基甲烷和0.1 mmol/L十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（pH = 4.7）。这些方法具有良好的线性、精密度、准确度和回收率。在12个样品（n = 130）中检测到百草枯，含量范围为0.01至25.1 mg/g。三个样品草甘膦呈阳性（0.15 - 0.75 mg/g），还有一个样品同时检测到了AMPA。建议开展实验研究以评估这些浓度对大麻使用者的风险。
