Markus C Rob, Jonkman Lisa M, Capello Aimee, Leinders Sacha, Hüsch Fabian
Department of Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience and.
Stress. 2015;18(2):149-59. doi: 10.3109/10253890.2014.990880. Epub 2014 Dec 29.
Brain serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) dysfunction is considered to promote food intake and eating-related disturbances, especially under stress or negative mood. Vulnerability for 5-HT disturbances is considered to be genetically determined, including a short (S) allele polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) that is associated with lower serotonin function. Since 5-HT function may be slightly increased by carbohydrate consumption, S-allele 5-HTTLPR carriers in particular may benefit from a sugar-preload due to their enhanced 5-HT vulnerability. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether a sugar-containing preload may reduce appetite and energy intake after exposure to stress to induce negative mood, depending on genetic 5-HT vulnerability. From a population of 771 healthy young male and female genotyped college students 31 S/S carriers (8 males, 23 females) and 26 long allele (L/L) carriers (9 males, 17 females) (mean ± S.D. 22 ± 1.6 years; body mass index, BMI, 18-33 kg/m(2)) were monitored for changes in appetite and snacking behavior after stress exposure. Results revealed an increased energy intake after mild mental stress (negative mood) mainly for high-fat sweet foods, which was significantly greater in S/S carriers, and only in these genotypes this intake was significantly reduced by a sucrose-containing preload. Although alternative explanations are possible, it is suggested that S/S participants may have enhanced brain (hypothalamic) 5-HT responsiveness to food that makes them more susceptible to the beneficial satiation effects of a sucrose-preload as well as to the negative effects of mild mental stress on weight gain.
大脑血清素(5-羟色胺,5-HT)功能障碍被认为会促进食物摄入和与饮食相关的紊乱,尤其是在压力或负面情绪下。5-HT紊乱的易感性被认为是由基因决定的,包括血清素转运体基因(5-HTTLPR)中的短(S)等位基因多态性,它与较低的血清素功能相关。由于碳水化合物的摄入可能会使5-HT功能略有增加,特别是S等位基因5-HTTLPR携带者,因其增强的5-HT易感性,可能会从含糖预负荷中受益。本研究的目的是调查含糖预负荷是否可以在暴露于压力以诱导负面情绪后,根据基因5-HT易感性降低食欲和能量摄入。在771名经过基因分型的健康年轻男女大学生群体中,监测了31名S/S携带者(8名男性,23名女性)和26名长等位基因(L/L)携带者(9名男性,17名女性)(平均±标准差22±1.6岁;体重指数,BMI,18 - 33kg/m²)在压力暴露后食欲和零食行为的变化。结果显示,轻度精神压力(负面情绪)后,主要是高脂肪甜食的能量摄入增加,在S/S携带者中显著更高,并且只有在这些基因型中,含蔗糖的预负荷显著降低了这种摄入量。尽管可能有其他解释,但表明S/S参与者可能增强了大脑(下丘脑)对食物的5-HT反应性,这使他们更容易受到蔗糖预负荷的有益饱腹感作用以及轻度精神压力对体重增加的负面影响。