Zhang Baoyan, Tian Pingfang
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao. 2014 Aug;30(8):1164-71.
Carboxysomes are extremely efficient microcompartments committed to CO2 fixation due to tailored CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM). In cyanobacteria and some chemoautotrophs, carboxysomes as organelle-like microbodies encapsulate ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) and carbonic anhydrase (CA). Together with active inorganic carbon uptake transporters, carboxysomes accumulate HCO3(-) in the cytoplasm, leading to high efficiency of carbon fixation. Based on the elucidation of structures and functionalities, heterologous production of carboxysomes has been achieved so far. In fact, the genes encoding either vacant carboxysome shell or only interior components have been characterized. This review summarizes the discovery along with types, showcases molecular structures and roles of carboxysomes in CCM, and presents their broad applications in metabolic engineering.
羧酶体是一种极其高效的微区室，由于其定制的二氧化碳浓缩机制（CCM）而致力于二氧化碳固定。在蓝细菌和一些化能自养生物中，羧酶体作为细胞器样微体，包裹着1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶/加氧酶（RuBisCO）和碳酸酐酶（CA）。与活跃的无机碳摄取转运蛋白一起，羧酶体在细胞质中积累HCO3(-)，从而提高碳固定效率。基于对结构和功能的阐明，目前已实现了羧酶体的异源生产。事实上，编码空羧酶体外壳或仅内部组件的基因已得到表征。本综述总结了羧酶体的发现及类型，展示了其分子结构和在CCM中的作用，并介绍了它们在代谢工程中的广泛应用。
