Grzybowski Andrzej, Nita Małgorzata, Virmond Marcos
Department of Ophthalmology, Poznań City Hospital, ul. Szwajcarska 3, 61-285 Poznań, Poland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.
Domestic and Specialized Medicine Centre "Dilmed" Katowice, Poland.
Clin Dermatol. 2015 Jan-Feb;33(1):79-89. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2014.07.003.
Ocular involvement in leprosy is estimated to be 70-75%, about 10-50% of leprosy patients suffer from severe ocular symptoms, and blindness occurs in about 5% of patients. The disease leads to many ophthalmologic symptoms and signs in the range of the eyeball itself, as well as of the bulb adnexa, ie, eyebrows, eyelids with eyelashes, and lacrimal drainage system. Especially dangerous are complications of lagophthalmos and corneal hypoanesthesia, neurotrophic or infectious keratitis, and iridocyclitis and cataract formation, which may lead to significant decrease of visual acuity or even blindness. Multidrug treatment rapidly interrupts transmission of Mycobacterium leprae by infectious patients, but even after being completed, it does not guarantee the withholding of ocular complications.
据估计,麻风病患者眼部受累率为70%-75%,约10%-50%的麻风病患者有严重眼部症状,约5%的患者会失明。该疾病会导致眼球本身以及眼球附属器(即眉毛、带睫毛的眼睑和泪道系统)出现多种眼科症状和体征。尤其危险的是兔眼和角膜感觉减退、神经营养性或感染性角膜炎、虹膜睫状体炎和白内障形成等并发症,这些可能导致视力显著下降甚至失明。多药联合治疗能迅速阻断感染患者体内麻风杆菌的传播,但即使治疗完成,也不能保证避免眼部并发症的发生。