Jaafar Nasruddin, Hakim Hina, Mohd Nor Nor Azlida, Mohamed Asma, Saub Roslan, Esa Rashidah, Doss Jennifer, Mohd Yusof Zamros Yuzadi, Ab-Murat Norintan, Abu Kassim Noor Lide, Majid Hazreen Abdul
BMC Public Health. 2014;14 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):S2. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-S3-S2. Epub 2014 Nov 24.
The urban low income has often been assumed to have the greatest dental treatment needs compared to the general population. However, no studies have been carried out to verify these assumptions. This study was conducted to assess whether there was any difference between the treatment needs of an urban poor population as compared to the general population in order to design an intervention programme for this community.
A random sampling of living quarters (households) in the selected areas was done. 586 adults over 19 years old living in these households were clinically examined using World Health Organization (WHO) Oral Health Survey criteria 4th edition (1997).
The overall prevalence of dental caries, periodontal disease, denture wearers and temporomandibular joint problems were 70.5%, 97.1%, 16.7% and 26%, respectively. The majority (80.5%) needed some form of dental treatment. The highest treatment needs were found in the oldest age group while the lowest were in the youngest group (19-29 years) (p = 0.000). The most prevalent periodontal problem was calculus; regardless of gender, ethnicity and age. Significantly more females (20.5%) wore prosthesis than males (11.1%) (p = 0.003). Prosthetic status and need significantly increased with age (p = 0.000). About one in four adults had Temporo-Mandibular Joint (TMJ) problems. Overall, it was surprising to note that the oral disease burden related to caries, prosthetic status and treatment need were lower in this population as compared to the national average (NOHSA, 2010). However, their periodontal disease status and treatment needs were higher compared to the national average indicating a poor oral hygiene standard.
The evidence does not show that the overall oral disease burden and treatment needs in this urban disadvantaged adult population as higher than the national average, except for periodontal disease. The older age groups and elderly were identified as the most in need for oral health intervention and promotion. An integrated health intervention programme through a multisectoral common risk factor approach in collaboration with the Faculties of Medicine, Dentistry and other agencies is needed for the identified target group.
与普通人群相比，城市低收入人群通常被认为有最大的牙科治疗需求。然而，尚未开展研究来验证这些假设。本研究旨在评估城市贫困人口与普通人群在治疗需求上是否存在差异，以便为该社区设计一项干预计划。
在选定区域对居住区（家庭）进行随机抽样。使用世界卫生组织（WHO）第四版（1997年）口腔健康调查标准，对居住在这些家庭中的586名19岁以上成年人进行临床检查。
龋齿、牙周疾病、假牙佩戴者和颞下颌关节问题的总体患病率分别为70.5%、97.1%、16.7%和26%。大多数（80.5%）需要某种形式的牙科治疗。治疗需求最高的是年龄最大的组，而最低的是最年轻的组（19 - 29岁）（p = 0.000）。最常见的牙周问题是牙结石；无论性别、种族和年龄。佩戴假牙的女性（20.5%）明显多于男性（11.1%）（p = 0.003）。假牙状况和需求随年龄显著增加（p = 0.000）。约四分之一的成年人有颞下颌关节（TMJ）问题。总体而言，值得注意的是，与全国平均水平（马来西亚卫生部，2010年）相比，该人群中与龋齿、假牙状况和治疗需求相关的口腔疾病负担较低。然而，他们的牙周疾病状况和治疗需求高于全国平均水平，表明口腔卫生标准较差。
证据表明，除了牙周疾病外，该城市弱势成年人群的总体口腔疾病负担和治疗需求并不高于全国平均水平。年龄较大的群体和老年人被确定为最需要口腔健康干预和促进的人群。需要通过多部门共同危险因素方法，与医学院、牙科学院和其他机构合作，为确定的目标群体制定综合健康干预计划。
