Research and Technology Service Center, 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China.
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2015 Jan;48:1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.11.008. Epub 2014 Nov 21.
We systematically reviewed the association of omega-3 fatty acids intake with the incidence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in this meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies, as evidence from previous studies suggests inconsistent results.
We identified relevant studies by searching PubMed, EmBase, and Web of Science databases up to June 2013. Prospective cohort studies reporting on associations of dietary intake of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids or fish with the incidence of dementia and AD were eligible.
Comparing the highest to lowest category of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids intake and fish intake, the pooled relative risks (RRs) for dementia were 0.97 (95% CI 0.85-1.10) and 0.84 (95% CI 0.71-1.01), respectively. Evidence synthesis for AD risk did not show a statistically significant association with long-chain omega-3 fatty acids intake (RR=0.89, 95% CI 0.74-1.08). However, a higher intake of fish was associated with a 36% (95% CI 8-56%) lower risk of AD. Dose-response meta-analysis showed that an increment of 100g per week of fish intake was associated with an 11% lower risk of AD (RR=0.89, 95% CI 0.79-0.99). There was limited evidence of heterogeneity across studies or within subgroups.
A higher intake of fish was associated with a lower risk of AD. However, there was no statistical evidence for similar inverse association between long-chain omega-3 fatty acids intake and risk of dementia or AD, nor was there inverse association between fish intake and risk of dementia.
我们系统地回顾了ω-3 脂肪酸摄入与痴呆和阿尔茨海默病（AD）发病率的关系，因为之前的研究结果表明不一致。
我们通过检索 PubMed、EmBase 和 Web of Science 数据库，截至 2013 年 6 月，确定了相关研究。符合条件的前瞻性队列研究报告了长链 ω-3 脂肪酸或鱼类饮食摄入与痴呆和 AD 发病率之间的关系。
比较长链 ω-3 脂肪酸摄入和鱼类摄入的最高和最低类别，痴呆的合并相对风险（RR）分别为 0.97（95%CI 0.85-1.10）和 0.84（95%CI 0.71-1.01）。AD 风险的证据综合分析表明，长链 ω-3 脂肪酸摄入与 AD 风险无统计学显著相关性（RR=0.89，95%CI 0.74-1.08）。然而，较高的鱼类摄入量与 AD 风险降低 36%（95%CI 8-56%）相关。剂量反应荟萃分析表明，每周增加 100g 鱼类摄入量与 AD 风险降低 11%相关（RR=0.89，95%CI 0.79-0.99）。研究之间或亚组内的异质性有限。
较高的鱼类摄入量与 AD 风险降低相关。然而，长链 ω-3 脂肪酸摄入与痴呆或 AD 风险之间没有统计学证据表明存在类似的反向关联，鱼类摄入与痴呆风险之间也没有反向关联。
