Tomaszewska I M, Frączek P, Gomulska M, Pliczko M, Sliwińska A, Sałapa K, Chrzan R, Kowalski P, Nowakowski M, Walocha J A
Department of Medical Education, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2014 Nov;73(4):462-8. doi: 10.5603/FM.2014.0069.
The aims of the present study were to assess whether the hard palate reveals any measurable sex-related differences, and to create a mathematical model which would differentiate between males and females using hard palate measurements alone.
The present study was conducted on 1,200 archived sinus computed tomography (CT) scans. Each cranial measurement was taken twice by the same observer, and in cases of any discrepancies, the mean of the two values was recorded. Twenty per cent of randomly chosen samples were re-measured by an observer who did not partake in assessing the samples the first time. Logistic regression was used to derivate two mathematical formulas which would calculate the probability of a skull being male.
The studied group comprised 1,200 head CT's (627 female; 52.3%). The mean age of the group was 43.5 ± 17.4 years - no age difference between sexes was noted (p = 0.37). All of the performed measurements were significantly (p < 0.0001) larger in males than in females. The mathematical formula based on the "orale-spina nasalis posterior" (O-SNP) distance alone had a reliability rate of 68.35%. The equation based on the depth of the right greater palatine canal (GPC), the O-SNP distance and the anterior width of the palatal arch (AWPA) had a reliability rate of 78.37%.
The most prominent sexually dimorphic parameters were the O-SNP, the GPC depth and the AWPA. The mathematical models presented in the current study can be used to successfully distinguish between sexes during forensic examination.
本研究的目的是评估硬腭是否存在任何可测量的性别差异，并创建一个仅使用硬腭测量值就能区分男性和女性的数学模型。
本研究对1200份存档的鼻窦计算机断层扫描（CT）进行。每个颅骨测量值由同一名观察者测量两次，若有任何差异，则记录两个值的平均值。20%随机选取的样本由未参与首次评估的观察者重新测量。使用逻辑回归推导两个数学公式，以计算颅骨为男性的概率。
研究组包括1200例头部CT（627例女性；52.3%）。该组的平均年龄为43.5±17.4岁，未发现性别间年龄差异（p = 0.37）。所有测量值在男性中均显著（p < 0.0001）大于女性。仅基于“口-鼻后棘”（O-SNP）距离的数学公式可靠性为68.35%。基于右侧腭大管（GPC）深度、O-SNP距离和腭弓前宽度（AWPA）的方程可靠性为78.37%。
最显著的性别二态性参数是O-SNP、GPC深度和AWPA。本研究中提出的数学模型可用于在法医检查中成功区分性别。
