Wang Tian, Liu Yaoqing Diana, Cai Bing, Huang Gang, Flynn Gregory C
Process and Product Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.
Process and Product Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.
J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2015 Jan;102:519-28. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.10.023. Epub 2014 Oct 31.
Disulfide reduction in therapeutic monoclonal antibodies can occur during cell harvest operations as a result of cell breakage. Understanding these product quality changes and manufacturers' ability to control them would likely be of concern to regulatory bodies. To study the biological impact of disulfide reduction, mAbs, including IgG2κ, IgG2λ, IgG1κ, and IgG1λ forms, were partially reduced with dithiothreitol (DTT). Samples generated had approximately 10% or 50% intact molecules as determined by nrCE-SDS. Similar to the type of partial reduction obtained during uncontrolled harvest operations, DTT reduced antibodies were free from sulfur-linked adduct, such as attached cysteine. These partially reduced materials were incubated under physiological (blood-mimicking) redox conditions in vitro to follow the fate of the interchain cysteines. Within 8h, the original disulfide bonds reformed. For mAbA, an IgG2κ, the initial re-oxidized state favored the IgG2-A disulfide isoform, which then underwent conversion over time to other isoforms. Reduced material was fully active. Results suggest that the type of disulfide reduction would have minimal impact to safety or efficacy. Antibody re-oxidation rates were found to be in the order of IgG2κ<IgG2λ<IgG1κ and IgG1λ, the same order as previously determined reduction rates.
在细胞收获操作过程中,由于细胞破碎,治疗性单克隆抗体可能会发生二硫键还原。了解这些产品质量变化以及制造商控制这些变化的能力可能是监管机构所关注的。为了研究二硫键还原的生物学影响,使用二硫苏糖醇(DTT)对包括IgG2κ、IgG2λ、IgG1κ和IgG1λ形式在内的单克隆抗体进行部分还原。通过nrCE-SDS测定,生成的样品中完整分子约为10%或50%。与在无控制的收获操作过程中获得的部分还原类型相似,DTT还原的抗体不含硫连接的加合物,如附着的半胱氨酸。将这些部分还原的材料在体外生理(模拟血液)氧化还原条件下孵育,以追踪链间半胱氨酸的命运。在8小时内,原来的二硫键重新形成。对于IgG2κ型的单克隆抗体A,最初重新氧化的状态有利于IgG2-A二硫键异构体,然后随着时间的推移转化为其他异构体。还原后的材料具有完全活性。结果表明,二硫键还原类型对安全性或有效性的影响最小。发现抗体的重新氧化速率顺序为IgG2κ<IgG2λ<IgG1κ和IgG1λ,与先前确定的还原速率顺序相同。