Miles James D, Proctor Robert W
Department of Psychology, California State University, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach, CA, 90840-0901, USA,
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2015 Apr;77(3):819-29. doi: 10.3758/s13414-014-0801-5.
When reaching for a particular target, movements tend to deviate toward distractors. Previously, we have shown that cursor movements deviate to a greater degree toward distractors when the distractor color corresponds to that of the cursor and the target color does not, even when this relationship is task-irrelevant (Miles & Proctor, 2011). In the present study, we investigated whether this correspondence effect is due to attention capture or to the activation of responses based on the task response rules associated with the colors of the distractor and target (viz. a flanker effect). Participants moved a central rectangular cursor to an upper left or upper right location, depending on the cursor color. The colors of the target (correct response side) and distractor (incorrect response side) were independent from one another and were either corresponding or noncorresponding with respect to the cursor color. In Experiment 1, reaction times were delayed when the distractor color corresponded to that of the cursor, but only when the target color did not correspond to the cursor color. No color correspondence effect was found for movement trajectories or movement times. However, in Experiment 2, when responses were time-pressured, initial movements toward the distractor were much more common when the distractor color exclusively corresponded to the cursor color. On the basis of these results, we argue that attention capture best explains the increased tendency to move a controlled object to a distractor that uniquely shares its features.
当伸手去够一个特定目标时，动作往往会朝着干扰物的方向偏离。此前，我们已经表明，当干扰物颜色与光标颜色一致而目标颜色与光标颜色不一致时，即使这种关系与任务无关，光标移动也会更大程度地朝着干扰物方向偏离（迈尔斯和普罗克特，2011年）。在本研究中，我们调查了这种对应效应是由于注意力捕获还是基于与干扰物和目标颜色相关的任务反应规则的反应激活（即侧翼效应）。参与者根据光标颜色将中央矩形光标移动到左上角或右上角位置。目标（正确反应侧）和干扰物（错误反应侧）的颜色相互独立，并且相对于光标颜色要么对应要么不对应。在实验1中，当干扰物颜色与光标颜色对应时反应时会延迟，但仅当目标颜色与光标颜色不对应时才会如此。在运动轨迹或运动时间方面未发现颜色对应效应。然而，在实验2中，当反应受到时间压力时，当干扰物颜色仅与光标颜色对应时，朝着干扰物的初始移动更为常见。基于这些结果，我们认为注意力捕获最能解释将受控对象移向具有独特共享特征的干扰物的倾向增加。
