Samek Diana R, Hicks Brian M
Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan.
Clin Pract (Lond). 2014;11(5):537-547. doi: 10.2217/CPR.14.47.
Though heritable, externalizing disorders have a number of robust associations with several environmental risk factors, including family, school, and peer contexts. To account for these associations, we integrate a behavioral genetic perspective with principles of a developmental cascade theory of antisocial behavior. The major environmental contexts associated with child externalizing problems are reviewed, as are the processes of gene-environment interplay underlying these associations. Throughout, we discuss implications for prevention and intervention. Three major approaches designed to reduce child externalizing behavior are reviewed. Prevention and intervention programs appear to be most successful when they target individuals or communities most at risk for developing externalizing disorders, rather than applied universally. We end by commenting on areas in need of additional research concerning environmental influences on persistent externalizing behaviors.
尽管外化性障碍具有遗传性，但它与一些环境风险因素存在诸多紧密关联，这些因素包括家庭、学校和同伴环境。为了解释这些关联，我们将行为遗传学观点与反社会行为发展级联理论的原则相结合。本文回顾了与儿童外化性问题相关的主要环境背景，以及这些关联背后基因与环境相互作用的过程。贯穿全文，我们讨论了对预防和干预的启示。本文回顾了旨在减少儿童外化性行为的三种主要方法。预防和干预项目若针对最易患外化性障碍的个体或社区，而非普遍实施，似乎最为成功。我们最后对在环境对外化性行为持续影响方面需要更多研究的领域进行了评论。
