Gordiano Evellyn Alves, Tondin Larissa Marques, Miranda Renata Costa de, Baptista Deise Regina, Carvalho Mauricio
Universidade Federal do Paraná.
Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná.
J Bras Nefrol. 2014 Oct-Dec;36(4):437-45. doi: 10.5935/0101-2800.20140063.
Nephrolithiasis is a common condition with high prevalence and recurrence, occurring by a complex and multifactorial process.
To analyze the main dietary and metabolic characteristics of patients with nephrolithiasis and compare them with a control group.
A cross sectional study with 31 patients with nephrolithiasis (NE) and 18 healthy. By the dietary intake it were observed sodium, calcium, protein, potassium, vitamin C, oxalate and water intake in both groups. Metabolic assessment were analyzed in urinary excretion of oxalate and citrate. The presence of hypertension and body mass index (BMI) was also evaluated.
In the NE group, it was found that 45.2% had a high intake of sodium and 100% a high intake of oxalate. It was also observed a low calcium, potassium and vitamin C intake by 93.5%, 100% and 94.9% respectively. Regarding protein, only 12.5% had normal protein intake. Concerning water intake, 12.9% had an ingestion less than 1 liter, 54.8% between 1 and 2 liters and 32.3% higher than 2 liters. Hypertension was observed in 64.5% of patients and adequate excretion of oxalate and citrate in 90.5% of them. There was no statistically difference in food intake, BMI and oxalate excretion between groups. However, the NE group showed higher urinary citrate.
It was found in both groups a high prevalence of overweight patients, a high intake of oxalate and sodium, in addition to inadequate intakes of calcium, potassium and vitamin C. The NE group showed high protein intake and increased excretion of citrate.
肾结石是一种常见疾病，发病率和复发率都很高，其发病过程复杂且受多种因素影响。
分析肾结石患者的主要饮食和代谢特征，并与对照组进行比较。
对31例肾结石患者（NE）和18例健康者进行横断面研究。通过饮食摄入量观察两组患者的钠、钙、蛋白质、钾、维生素C、草酸盐和水的摄入量。分析草酸盐和柠檬酸盐的尿排泄量进行代谢评估。还评估了高血压的存在情况和体重指数（BMI）。
在NE组中，发现45.2%的患者钠摄入量高，100%的患者草酸盐摄入量高。还观察到分别有93.5%、100%和94.9%的患者钙、钾和维生素C摄入量低。关于蛋白质，只有12.5%的患者蛋白质摄入量正常。关于水的摄入量，12.9%的患者摄入量少于1升，54.8%的患者摄入量在1至2升之间，32.3%的患者摄入量高于2升。64.5%的患者患有高血压，其中90.5%的患者草酸盐和柠檬酸盐排泄量充足。两组之间在食物摄入量、BMI和草酸盐排泄方面没有统计学差异。然而，NE组的尿柠檬酸盐较高。
两组中均发现超重患者的患病率较高，草酸盐和钠的摄入量较高，此外钙、钾和维生素C的摄入量不足。NE组显示蛋白质摄入量高且柠檬酸盐排泄增加。
