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一种对未定义的骨保护材料进行力学评估的程序。

A procedure for a mechanical evaluation of an undefined osteo-protective material.

作者信息

Marques Marco, Terroso Miguel, Freitas Ricardo, Marques AntÓnio Torres, Gabriel Joaquim, Simoes Ricardo

机构信息

Design Department, Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave, School of Technology, Portugal; Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Portugal.

Design Department, Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave, School of Technology, Portugal; Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Portugal.

出版信息

Accid Anal Prev. 2015 Feb;75:285-91. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2014.12.009. Epub 2014 Dec 23.

Abstract

Falls represent a major care and cost problem to health and social services world-widely, since 50% of falls result in an injury. In this work, is proposed a methodology to evaluate protective pads materials and geometry performance, in order to reduce impact results in a fall event. Since the material properties and the pad geometry are the key factors to make the protection possible when a fall event occurs, our approach relies on the use of mechanical tests to evaluate the properties of the material and in the study of the pad response during a fall. For this, were used compression, tensile and instrumented falling weight tests, that allow a fully characterization of the materials that can be employed in the protective pads. Likewise, to gather precise information on falls events, in order to study the pad response during a fall, a set of laboratory fall trials were created using a camera-less inertial motion capture (mocap) system. This allow the acquisition of dynamic information of falls, namely acceleration and velocity that can be used to create a finite element analysis (FEA) model, where different segments from the human body can be evaluated when the protective pad is associated to it. Through the proposed methodology, different materials and pad geometries can be studied towards maximizing the performance of protection pads for falls. The mocap system allows the acquisition of fall data, and also the creation of a human body geometrical model, representative of the fall. From the mechanical trials, was showed that the spacer fabric embedded with silicone has the higher ability to reduce the peak force in case of impact when compared with all the other specimens. The compression and the tensile tests allow the mechanical definition of the material, and with this the material definition on the FEA model.

摘要

跌倒在全球范围内给卫生和社会服务带来了重大的护理和成本问题,因为50%的跌倒会导致受伤。在这项工作中,提出了一种评估防护垫材料和几何形状性能的方法,以减少跌倒事件中的撞击后果。由于材料特性和防护垫几何形状是跌倒事件发生时实现保护的关键因素,我们的方法依赖于使用机械测试来评估材料的性能,并研究跌倒过程中防护垫的响应。为此,使用了压缩、拉伸和仪器化落锤试验,这些试验能够全面表征可用于防护垫的材料。同样,为了收集有关跌倒事件的精确信息,以便研究跌倒过程中防护垫的响应,使用无摄像头惯性运动捕捉(mocap)系统创建了一组实验室跌倒试验。这使得能够获取跌倒的动态信息,即加速度和速度,可用于创建有限元分析(FEA)模型,在该模型中,当防护垫与人体相关联时,可以评估人体的不同部位。通过所提出的方法,可以研究不同的材料和防护垫几何形状,以最大限度地提高跌倒防护垫的性能。mocap系统不仅能够获取跌倒数据,还能创建代表跌倒的人体几何模型。从机械试验中可以看出,与所有其他试样相比,嵌入硅胶的间隔织物在受到冲击时具有更高的降低峰值力的能力。压缩和拉伸试验可以对材料进行力学定义,并据此在FEA模型中定义材料。

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