Selection of energy optimized pump concepts for multi core and multi mode erbium doped fiber amplifiers.

The selection of an appropriate pump concept has a major impact on amplifier cost and power consumption. The energy efficiency of different pump concepts is compared for multi core and multi mode active fibers. In preamplifier stages, pump power density requirements derived from full C-band low noise WDM operation result in superior energy efficiency of direct pumping of individual cores in a multi core fiber with single mode pump lasers compared to cladding pumping with uncooled multi mode lasers. Even better energy efficiency is achieved by direct pumping of the core in multi mode active fibers. Complexity of pump signal combiners for direct pumping of multi core fibers can be reduced by deploying integrated components.