The effect of implant splinting on the load distribution in bone bed around implant-supported fixed prosthesis with different framework materials: A finite element study.

Analysing the influence of implant splinting and its relation to different framework materials is a complex issue. The stiffness of framework materials and the overload of the implant system directly affect the final transferred load of the bone around implants. A finite element model of a long-span cementable implant-supported fixed prosthesis was created. Three materials were analysed for the framework: Titanium, gold alloy, and zirconia. The connection screws were first preloaded with 200 N. Two loading conditions were studied: The implant at the molar region was first loaded without splinting to the framework, and in the second condition, the implant was splinted to the framework. A total force of 500 N and 1000 N in 30° from the long axis of the framework were applied in buccal or distal direction on the implant system. The stresses and strains within the framework materials, implant system, and bone bed around the supporting implants were analysed. Loading the implant distally was associated with high stresses within the implant system in comparison to buccal loading. By splinting the implant, the stress in the implant system was reduced from 5393 MPa to 2942 MPa. Buccal loading of the implant was more critical than the distal loading. In the splinted condition of the implant, the stresses in the cortical bone were reduced from 570 MPa to 275 MPa.