Wichelhaus A
Abteilung für Unfall-, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Chirurgische Universitätsklinik, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18055, Rostock, Deutschland,
Unfallchirurg. 2015 Feb;118(2):155-66; quiz 167-9. doi: 10.1007/s00113-014-2712-2.
The treatment of acute peripheral finger injuries is part of the daily routine of surgeons in emergency departments. This article presents the most common forms of peripheral finger injuries and the specific diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. The injuries include incision and tear injuries, injuries to the nailbed, distal extensor tendon injuries, severed flexor tendons of the distal joint, bite injuries, high-pressure injection injuries and amputation injuries of the distal phalanx of fingers. For the latter, the form, level and height of the amputation are decisive for therapy. Soft tissue defects on the extensor and flexor side of the finger are also common for emergency surgeons. The basic principles of the initial management of peripheral soft tissue injuries of the hand involve the reconstruction of tendons and nerves and soft tissue coverage. Pathogenic organisms are detectable in more than 80 % of bite wounds so that prophylaxis and therapy of infections are of special importance. An adjuvant antibiotic therapy is necessary for infections as well as for high-pressure injection injuries. It is also important for the treating physician to recognize when a hand surgeon must be involved.
急性手指外周损伤的治疗是急诊科外科医生日常工作的一部分。本文介绍了手指外周损伤的最常见形式以及具体的诊断和治疗要点。这些损伤包括切割伤和撕裂伤、甲床损伤、指伸肌腱远端损伤、远端关节屈肌腱离断、咬伤、高压注射伤以及手指远节指骨截肢伤。对于后者,截肢的形式、水平和高度对治疗起决定性作用。手指伸侧和屈侧的软组织缺损对外科急诊医生来说也很常见。手部外周软组织损伤初始处理的基本原则包括肌腱和神经重建以及软组织覆盖。超过80%的咬伤伤口可检测到致病微生物,因此感染的预防和治疗尤为重要。对于感染以及高压注射伤,辅助抗生素治疗是必要的。对于治疗医生而言,认识到何时必须请手外科医生会诊也很重要。