Befort Katia
CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives - UMR7364, Faculté de Psychologie, Neuropôle de Strasbourg - Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg France.
Front Pharmacol. 2015 Feb 5;6:6. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00006. eCollection 2015.
The opioid system consists of three receptors, mu, delta, and kappa, which are activated by endogenous opioid peptides (enkephalins, endorphins, and dynorphins). The endogenous cannabinoid system comprises lipid neuromodulators (endocannabinoids), enzymes for their synthesis and their degradation and two well-characterized receptors, cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. These systems play a major role in the control of pain as well as in mood regulation, reward processing and the development of addiction. Both opioid and cannabinoid receptors are coupled to G proteins and are expressed throughout the brain reinforcement circuitry. Extending classical pharmacology, research using genetically modified mice has provided important progress in the identification of the specific contribution of each component of these endogenous systems in vivo on reward process. This review will summarize available genetic tools and our present knowledge on the consequences of gene knockout on reinforced behaviors in both systems, with a focus on their potential interactions. A better understanding of opioid-cannabinoid interactions may provide novel strategies for therapies in addicted individuals.
阿片系统由三种受体组成,即μ受体、δ受体和κ受体,它们可被内源性阿片肽(脑啡肽、内啡肽和强啡肽)激活。内源性大麻素系统包括脂质神经调节剂(内源性大麻素)、其合成和降解所需的酶以及两种特征明确的受体,即大麻素受体CB1和CB2。这些系统在疼痛控制以及情绪调节、奖赏处理和成瘾发展中发挥着重要作用。阿片受体和大麻素受体均与G蛋白偶联,并在整个脑奖赏回路中表达。在经典药理学的基础上,利用基因改造小鼠进行的研究在确定这些内源性系统的每个组成部分在体内对奖赏过程的具体贡献方面取得了重要进展。本综述将总结现有的基因工具以及我们目前对这两个系统中基因敲除对强化行为影响的认识,重点关注它们的潜在相互作用。更好地理解阿片-大麻素相互作用可能为成瘾个体的治疗提供新策略。