Protective effects of certain natural and synthetic complexans on the toxicity of chromium and tin to a N2-fixing cyanobacterium, Anabaena doliolum.

The effects of chromium and tin on survival, growth, carbon fixation, nitrate reduction, ammonia assimilation, and nitrogenase activity of a N2-fixing cyanobacterium. Anabaena doliolum, and their amelioration by synthetic and natural complexans, viz., EDTA, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), pyridine dicarboxylic acid (PDA), and citrate, have been studied. Chromium proved to be much more toxic than tin, as it inhibited growth yield (49%), carbon fixation (53%), and nitrate reductase (79%), glutamine synthetase (30%), and nitrogenase activities (77%) at its sublethal concentration, whereas tin induced less inhibition of growth yield (42%), carbon fixation (50%), and nitrate reductase (66%), glutamine synthetase (32.4%), and nitrogenase activities (70%). Despite its inhibitory effects at 10 micrograms ml-1. EDTA supplementation in metal-spiked medium counteracted the toxicity of chromium and tin more significantly than NTA, PDA, and citrate. When supplemented with LD50 of Cr, EDTA protected growth, carbon fixation, NR, GS, and N2ase, respectively, by 32.6, 50.0, 33.3, 17.7, and 65.4%. However, EDTA-induced restoration of the above parameters at a sublethal concentration of tin was only 30.2, 50.0, 28.1, 27.7, and 61.5%, respectively. Although NTA and citrate at 10 micrograms ml-1 each were stimulatory to various processes of test cyanobacterium, they were comparatively less effective than EDTA in the amelioration of metal toxicity. On the basis of these observations, a generalized hierarchical sequence of protective efficiency of synthetic and natural complexing ligands may be given as EDTA greater than NTA greater than citrate greater than PDA. It seems plausible that the toxicity of various heavy metals may be regulated by a large array of organic complexing agents of the aquatic environment because they possess various metal binding sites.