Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- & Biodiversitätsforschung an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Berlin , Germany.
PeerJ. 2015 Feb 24;3:e769. doi: 10.7717/peerj.769. eCollection 2015.
The taxon Beloniformes represents a heterogeneous group of teleost fishes that show an extraordinary diversity of jaw morphology. I present new anatomical descriptions of the jaw musculature in six selected beloniforms and four closely related species. A reduction of the external jaw adductor (A1) and a changed morphology of the intramandibular musculature were found in many Beloniformes. This might be correlated with the progressively reduced mobility of the upper and lower jaw bones. The needlefishes and sauries, which are characterised by extremely elongated and stiffened jaws, show several derived characters, which in combination enable the capture of fish at high velocity. The ricefishes are characterised by several derived and many plesiomorphic characters that make broad scale comparisons difficult. Soft tissue characters are highly diverse among hemiramphids and flying fishes reflecting the uncertainty about their phylogenetic position and interrelationship. The morphological findings presented herein may help to interpret future phylogenetic analyses using cranial musculature in Beloniformes.
鲈形目代表了一组异质的硬骨鱼类，它们具有非常多样化的颌骨形态。我对 6 种选定的鲈形目鱼类和 4 种亲缘关系密切的物种的颌骨肌肉进行了新的解剖描述。在许多鲈形目中，发现外部颌骨内收肌（A1）减少，颌内肌肉形态发生变化。这可能与上下颌骨的活动度逐渐降低有关。针鱼和长尾鱼的颌骨非常狭长且坚硬，具有几个衍生特征，这些特征结合起来使它们能够以高速捕捉鱼类。稻穗鱼具有几个衍生特征和许多原始特征，这使得对其进行广泛的比较变得困难。半椎鱼目和飞鱼的软组织特征高度多样化，反映了它们在系统发育位置和相互关系上的不确定性。本文提出的形态学发现可能有助于解释未来使用颅部肌肉进行的鲈形目系统发育分析。
