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[红火蚁工蚁保护蛹免受绿僵菌感染的行为]

[Bahaviour of Solenopsis invicta workers to protect pupae from infection by Metarhizium anisopliae].

作者信息

Qiu Hua-Long, Lü Li-Hua, Zhang Chun-Yang, He Yu-Rong

出版信息

Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2014 Sep;25(9):2658-64.

Abstract

Previous studies have focused on how ants deal with workers infected by pathogens but how pupae are protected from infection by fungi is not well understood. The behavioral mechanisms adopted by Solenopsis invicta (red imported fire ants, RIFA) adult workers to protect pupae against Metarhizium anisopliae infection were studied. We observed the behavioral changes of M. anisopliae infected adult workers in the brood chamber as well as the behavioral changes of healthy workers to fungus exposed pupae. The time of fungus infected workers spent in the pupal chamber reduced significantly from 103.4 s on the first day to 38.5 s on the third day. Moreover, the percentage of time spending on brood care in the pupal chamber reduced significantly from 13.6% on the first day to 3.5% on the third day. When pupae were infected by M. anisopliae, workers performed 5.3 times more grooming to fungus exposed pupae than controls, and the duration of each grooming bout to fungus exposed pupae was 5.2 times longer than controls. Grooming did remove many conidia on the surface of fungus exposed pupae. The mean numbers of conidia on the surface of pupae were 103.1, 51.6 and 31.3 when no workers, two workers and ten workers accompanied a pupa, respectively. The presence of workers resulted in a lower germination rate of conidia on the surface of pupae. The mean germination rates of conidia after 20 h of inoculation on the surface of pupae were 95.1%, 80.4% and 59.9%, in the treatments with no worker, two workers and ten workers respectively. There was a positive correlation between the emergence rate of pupae and the number of accompanying workers. RIFA protect their pupae from infection by M. anisopliae through social be- haviors which enable the sustainable development of their population.

摘要

以往的研究主要关注蚂蚁如何应对被病原体感染的工蚁,但对于蛹如何免受真菌感染却知之甚少。本研究探讨了入侵红火蚁成年工蚁保护蛹免受绿僵菌感染的行为机制。我们观察了感染绿僵菌的成年工蚁在育雏室中的行为变化,以及健康工蚁对暴露于真菌的蛹的行为变化。感染真菌的工蚁在蛹室中停留的时间从第一天的103.4秒显著减少到第三天的38.5秒。此外,在蛹室中用于照顾幼虫的时间百分比从第一天的13.6%显著减少到第三天的3.5%。当蛹被绿僵菌感染时,工蚁对暴露于真菌的蛹进行梳理的次数比对照组多5.3倍,每次对暴露于真菌的蛹进行梳理的持续时间比对照组长5.2倍。梳理确实去除了暴露于真菌的蛹表面的许多分生孢子。当没有工蚁、两只工蚁和十只工蚁陪伴一个蛹时,蛹表面分生孢子的平均数量分别为103.1、51.6和31.3。工蚁的存在导致蛹表面分生孢子的萌发率降低。在没有工蚁、两只工蚁和十只工蚁的处理中,接种20小时后蛹表面分生孢子的平均萌发率分别为95.1%、80.4%和59.9%。蛹的羽化率与陪伴工蚁的数量呈正相关。入侵红火蚁通过社会行为保护其蛹免受绿僵菌感染,这有助于其种群的可持续发展。

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