Fontein-Kuipers Yvonne, Ausems Marlein, Budé Luc, Van Limbeek Evelien, De Vries Raymond, Nieuwenhuijze Marianne
Midwifery Education & Studies Maastricht, ZUYD University, Research Centre for Midwifery Science, PO Box 1256, 6201 BG Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Midwifery Education & Studies Maastricht, ZUYD University, Research Centre for Midwifery Science, PO Box 1256, 6201 BG Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Women Birth. 2015 Sep;28(3):e36-43. doi: 10.1016/j.wombi.2015.02.002. Epub 2015 Mar 7.
Maternal distress is a public health concern. Assessment of emotional wellbeing is not integrated in Dutch antenatal care. Midwives need to understand the influencing factors in order to identify women who are more vulnerable to experience maternal distress.
To examine levels of maternal distress during pregnancy and to determine the relationship between maternal distress and aetiological factors.
A cross-sectional study including 458 Dutch-speaking women with uncomplicated pregnancies during all trimesters of pregnancy. Data were collected with questionnaires between 10 September and 6 November 2012. Demographic characteristics and personal details were obtained. Maternal distress was measured with the Edinburgh Depression Scale (EDS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire (PRAQ). Behaviour was measured with Coping Operations Preference Enquiry-Easy (COPE-Easy). Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis were used.
Just over 20 percent of the women in our sample (21.8%) had a heightened score on one or more of the EDS, STAI or PRAQ. History of psychological problems (B=1.071; p=.001), having young children (B=2.998; p=.001), daily stressors (B=1.304; p=<.001), avoidant coping (B=1.047, p=<.001), somatisation (B=.484; p=.004), and negative feelings towards the forthcoming birth (B=.636; p=<.001) showed a significant positive relationship with maternal distress. Self-disclosure (B=-.863; p=.004) and acceptance of the situation (B=-.542; p=.008) showed a significant negative relationship with maternal distress.
Maternal distress occurs among women with a healthy pregnancy and is significantly influenced by a variety of factors. Midwives need to recognise the factors that make women more vulnerable to develop and experience maternal distress in order to give adequate advice about how to best cope with this condition.
孕产妇心理困扰是一个公共卫生问题。荷兰的产前护理中未纳入对情绪健康的评估。助产士需要了解影响因素，以便识别出更易经历孕产妇心理困扰的女性。
研究孕期孕产妇心理困扰水平，并确定孕产妇心理困扰与病因学因素之间的关系。
一项横断面研究，纳入458名在孕期各阶段妊娠情况正常的荷兰语女性。于2012年9月10日至11月6日期间通过问卷收集数据。获取人口统计学特征和个人详细信息。使用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表（EDS）、状态-特质焦虑量表（STAI）和妊娠相关焦虑问卷（PRAQ）测量孕产妇心理困扰。使用简易应对方式问卷（COPE-Easy）测量应对行为。采用描述性统计和多元线性回归分析。
我们样本中略超过20%的女性（21.8%）在EDS、STAI或PRAQ中的一项或多项上得分较高。心理问题史（B = 1.071；p = 0.001）、有年幼子女（B = 2.998；p = 0.001）、日常压力源（B = 1.304；p < 0.001）、回避应对（B = 1.047，p < 0.001）、躯体化（B = 0.484；p = 0.004）以及对即将分娩的负面情绪（B = 0.636；p < 0.001）与孕产妇心理困扰呈显著正相关。自我表露（B = -0.863；p = 0.004）和接受现状（B = -0.542；p = 0.008）与孕产妇心理困扰呈显著负相关。
孕产妇心理困扰在妊娠情况正常的女性中也会出现，且受多种因素的显著影响。助产士需要识别出使女性更易出现和经历孕产妇心理困扰的因素，以便就如何最佳应对这种情况提供充分的建议。
