aAhmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology bDepartment of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2015 May;28(3):229-35. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000157.
The neural connections, interconnections and organized networks of the central nervous system (CNS), which represent the human connectome, are critical for intact brain function. Consequently, disturbances at any level or juncture of these networks may alter behaviour and/or lead to brain dysfunction. In this review, we focus on highlighting recent work using advanced imaging methods to address alterations in the structural and functional connectome in patients with schizophrenia.
Using structural, diffusion, resting-state and task-related functional imaging and advanced computational analysis methods such as graph theory, more than 200 publications have addressed different aspects of structural and/or functional connectivity in schizophrenia over the last year. These studies have focused on determining how brain networks differ from those in controls, interact with symptom profiles within and across diagnoses, interface with disease-related cognitive impairments and confer genetic risk for the disorder.
Much existing evidence supports the view that schizophrenia is a disorder of altered brain connectivity. Recent and continued characterization of the structural and functional connectome in schizophrenia patients have advanced our understanding of the neurobiology underlying clinical symptoms and cognitive impairments in a particular patient, their overlaps with other neuropsychiatric disorders sharing common features as well as the contributions of genetic risk factors. Although the clinical utility of the schizophrenia connectome remains to be realized, recent findings provide further promise that research in this area may lead to improved diagnosis, treatments and clinical outcomes.
中枢神经系统（CNS）的神经连接、相互连接和组织网络构成了人类连接组，对于完整的大脑功能至关重要。因此，这些网络的任何水平或连接点的干扰都可能改变行为和/或导致大脑功能障碍。在这篇综述中，我们重点强调了使用先进的成像方法来解决精神分裂症患者结构和功能连接组改变的最新研究。
在过去的一年中，使用结构、扩散、静息状态和任务相关功能成像以及先进的计算分析方法（如图论），已有 200 多篇出版物探讨了精神分裂症结构和/或功能连接的不同方面。这些研究集中在确定大脑网络如何与对照组不同，与诊断内和跨诊断的症状特征相互作用，与与疾病相关的认知障碍相互作用，并赋予该疾病的遗传风险。
大量现有证据支持这样一种观点，即精神分裂症是一种连接改变的大脑疾病。最近对精神分裂症患者结构和功能连接组的不断描述，加深了我们对特定患者临床症状和认知障碍背后神经生物学的理解，以及与具有共同特征的其他神经精神障碍的重叠，以及遗传风险因素的贡献。尽管精神分裂症连接组的临床实用性仍有待实现，但最近的发现进一步表明，该领域的研究可能会导致改善诊断、治疗和临床结果。
