Tanno Takayuki, Silberberg Alan, Sakagami Takayuki
Department of Psychology, Bunkyo Gakuin University, Kamekubo 1196, Fujimino-shi, Saitama 356-8533, Japan.
Department of Psychology, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
Behav Processes. 2015 May;114:72-7. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2015.02.009. Epub 2015 Mar 14.
The strengthening view of reinforcement attributes behavior change to changes in the response strength or the value of the reinforcer. In contrast, the shaping view explains behavior change as shaping different response units through differential reinforcement. In this paper, we evaluate how well these two views explain: (1) the response-rate difference between variable-ratio and variable-interval schedules that provide the same reinforcement rate; and (2) the phenomenon of matching in choice. The copyist model (Tanno and Silberberg, 2012) - a shaping-view account - can provided accurate predictions of these phenomena without a strengthening mechanism; however, the model has limitations. It cannot explain the relation between behavior change and stimulus control, reinforcer amount, and reinforcer quality. These relations seem easily explained by a strengthening view. Future work should be directed at a model which combine the strengths of these two types of accounts.
强化的增强观点将行为变化归因于反应强度或强化物价值的变化。相比之下，塑造观点将行为变化解释为通过差别强化塑造不同的反应单元。在本文中，我们评估这两种观点对以下内容的解释程度：（1）提供相同强化率的可变比率和可变间隔强化程序之间的反应率差异；以及（2）选择中的匹配现象。抄写员模型（Tanno和Silberberg，2012）——一种塑造观点的解释——无需增强机制就能对这些现象做出准确预测；然而，该模型存在局限性。它无法解释行为变化与刺激控制、强化物数量和强化物质量之间的关系。这些关系似乎很容易用增强观点来解释。未来的工作应该针对结合这两种解释类型优势的模型。
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