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调整步伐以适应视觉目标会降低年轻人和老年人的舒适步行速度。

Attuning one's steps to visual targets reduces comfortable walking speed in both young and older adults.

作者信息

Peper C Lieke E, de Dreu Miek J, Roerdink Melvyn

机构信息

MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

出版信息

Gait Posture. 2015 Mar;41(3):830-4. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.02.016. Epub 2015 Mar 7.

Abstract

Comfortable walking speed (CWS) is indicative of clinically relevant factors in the elderly, such as fall risk and mortality. Standard CWS tests involve walking on a straight, unobstructed surface, while in reality surfaces are uneven and cluttered and so walkers rely on visually guided adaptations to avoid trips or slips. Hence, the predictive value of CWS may be expected to increase when assessed for walking in more realistic (visually guided) conditions. We examined CWS in young (n=18) and older (n=18) adults for both overground and treadmill walking. Overground CWS was assessed using the 10-meter walk test with and without visual stepping targets. For treadmill walking, four conditions were examined: (i) uncued walking, and (ii-iv) cued walking with visual stepping targets where the inter-stepping target distance varied by 0%, 20%, or 40%. Pre-experimental measures were taken so that the average inter-stepping target distance could be adjusted for each belt speed based on each participant's self-selected gait characteristics. Results showed that CWS was significantly slower when stepping targets were present in both overground (p<.001) and treadmill walking (p<.001). Thus, attuning steps to visual targets significantly affected CWS, even when the patterning of these targets matched the participant's own gait pattern (viz. 0%-treadmill-walking condition). Results from the treadmill-walking task showed that the amount of variation in inter-stepping target distance did not differentially affect CWS. Our results suggest that it may be worthwhile in clinical assessments to not only determine walking speed using standard conditions but also in situations that require visually guided stepping.

摘要

舒适步行速度(CWS)可反映老年人的临床相关因素,如跌倒风险和死亡率。标准的CWS测试要求在平坦、无障碍的表面行走,而在现实中,路面不平且有杂物,因此步行者依靠视觉引导来调整步伐以避免绊倒或滑倒。因此,当在更现实的(视觉引导)条件下评估步行时,CWS的预测价值可能会增加。我们研究了年轻人(n = 18)和老年人(n = 18)在地面行走和跑步机行走时的CWS。地面CWS通过10米步行测试进行评估,测试时有无视觉步幅目标。对于跑步机行走,研究了四种情况:(i)无提示行走,以及(ii - iv)有视觉步幅目标的提示行走,其中步幅目标之间的距离变化分别为0%、20%或40%。在实验前进行了测量,以便根据每个参与者自行选择的步态特征,针对每个皮带速度调整步幅目标之间的平均距离。结果表明,在地面行走(p <.001)和跑步机行走(p <.001)中,当有步幅目标时,CWS明显较慢。因此,即使这些目标的模式与参与者自己的步态模式相匹配(即0% - 跑步机行走情况),根据视觉目标调整步伐也会显著影响CWS。跑步机行走任务的结果表明,步幅目标距离的变化量对CWS没有差异影响。我们的结果表明,在临床评估中,不仅使用标准条件来确定步行速度,而且在需要视觉引导步伐的情况下进行评估可能是值得的。

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