Asensio Norberto, Schaffner Colleen M, Aureli Filippo
Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand.
Instituto de Neuroetologia, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico.
Am J Primatol. 2015 Jul;77(7):777-85. doi: 10.1002/ajp.22400. Epub 2015 Mar 25.
In species with a high degree of fission-fusion dynamics group members may differ in the use of the group home range to reduce food competition. Such differential use may result in distinct individual core areas. We studied core area quality and overlap among 21 female spider monkeys belonging to the same group over a period of 4 years. Core areas ranged between 62 and 161 ha with a mean overlap of 56% between any given two females. Only a small portion (mean = 3 ha) of each individual core area was used exclusively. No single part of the home range was used as core area by all females, and only an area of less than 1 ha was used as part of the core area by 20 of the 21 females. The time a female spent in the group (i.e., group tenure) was associated with characteristics of the core areas: the longer the group tenure, the better the quality of her core area. In addition, the longer the time two females spent together in the same group, the larger the overlap between their individual core areas. As this result was obtained while controlling for the time two females spent together in the same subgroup, females may reduce direct competition by using the same resource at different times. In sum, spider monkey females' group tenure plays a central role in the quality and overlapping patterns of their individual core areas.
在具有高度裂变 - 融合动态的物种中，群体成员在利用群体活动范围方面可能存在差异，以减少食物竞争。这种差异利用可能导致不同的个体核心区域。我们在4年的时间里研究了属于同一群体的21只雌性蜘蛛猴的核心区域质量和重叠情况。核心区域面积在62至161公顷之间，任意两只雌性之间的平均重叠率为56%。每个个体核心区域只有一小部分（平均 = 3公顷）被单独使用。活动范围内没有一个区域被所有雌性用作核心区域，并且在21只雌性中，只有不到1公顷的区域被20只雌性用作核心区域的一部分。雌性在群体中的停留时间（即群体任期）与核心区域的特征相关：群体任期越长，其核心区域的质量越好。此外，两只雌性在同一群体中共同度过的时间越长，它们个体核心区域之间的重叠就越大。由于这一结果是在控制了两只雌性在同一亚群体中共同度过的时间后获得的，雌性可能通过在不同时间使用相同资源来减少直接竞争。总之，蜘蛛猴雌性的群体任期在其个体核心区域的质量和重叠模式中起着核心作用。
