Gouttebarge V, Aoki H, Kerkhoffs G M
World Players' Union (FIFPro), Hoofddorp, The Netherlands -
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2015 Mar 27.
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of symptoms related to mental disorders (distress, anxiety/depression, sleep disturbance, adverse alcohol behaviour, adverse smoking behaviour, adverse nutrition behaviour) among retired professional footballers, and to explore their associations with stressors i.e. determinants such as severe injury, surgery, life events and career dissatisfaction.
Cross--sectional analyses were conducted on baseline questionnaires from an ongoing prospective cohort study among retired male professional footballers. Based on validated questionnaires to assess both stressors and symptoms related to mental disorders, an electronic questionnaire was set up and distributed by players' unions in 11 countries across three continents.
Prevalence of symptoms related to mental disorders among 219 retired professional footballers ranged from 11% for adverse smoking behaviour and 18% for distress, to 35% for anxiety/depression and 65% for adverse nutrition behaviour. Especially life events that occurred in the previous six months was positively associated with distress (OR=1.3; 95%CI 1.0--1.6), anxiety/depression (OR=1.6; 95%CI 1.2--2.1), sleeping disturbance (OR=1.3; 95%CI 1.1--1.7) and adverse nutrition behaviour (OR=1.4; 95%CI 1.0--1.8).
A high prevalence of symptoms related to mental disorders was found among retired professional footballers, confirming a previous study in a similar study population. Relationships were established between symptoms of mental disorders and severe injuries, recently occurred life events, and career dissatisfaction.
本研究的目的是确定退役职业足球运动员中与精神障碍相关症状（痛苦、焦虑/抑郁、睡眠障碍、不良饮酒行为、不良吸烟行为、不良营养行为）的患病率，并探讨这些症状与压力源（即严重损伤、手术、生活事件和职业不满等决定因素）之间的关联。
对一项正在进行的针对退役男性职业足球运动员的前瞻性队列研究的基线问卷进行横断面分析。基于经过验证的用于评估压力源和与精神障碍相关症状的问卷，设置了一份电子问卷，并由来自三大洲11个国家的球员联盟进行分发。
219名退役职业足球运动员中与精神障碍相关症状的患病率从不良吸烟行为的11%、痛苦的18%到焦虑/抑郁的35%以及不良营养行为的65%不等。特别是过去六个月内发生的生活事件与痛苦（比值比=1.3；95%置信区间1.0 - 1.6）、焦虑/抑郁（比值比=1.6；95%置信区间1.2 - 2.1）、睡眠障碍（比值比=1.3；95%置信区间1.1 - 1.7）和不良营养行为（比值比=1.4；95%置信区间1.0 - 1.8）呈正相关。
在退役职业足球运动员中发现与精神障碍相关症状的患病率较高，这证实了之前在类似研究人群中的一项研究结果。精神障碍症状与严重损伤、近期发生的生活事件以及职业不满之间建立了关联。
