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轴突微管破裂的粘弹性模型。

A viscoelastic model for axonal microtubule rupture.

作者信息

Shamloo Amir, Manuchehrfar Farid, Rafii-Tabar Hashem

机构信息

Center of Excellence in Energy Conversion (CEEC), School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9567, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Center of Excellence in Energy Conversion (CEEC), School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9567, Tehran, Iran.

出版信息

J Biomech. 2015 May 1;48(7):1241-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.03.007. Epub 2015 Mar 20.

Abstract

Axon is an important part of the neuronal cells and axonal microtubules are bundles in axons. In axons, microtubules are coated with microtubule-associated protein tau, a natively unfolded filamentous protein in the central nervous system. These proteins are responsible for cross-linking axonal microtubule bundles. Through complimentary dimerization with other tau proteins, bridges are formed between nearby microtubules creating bundles. Formation of bundles of microtubules causes their transverse reinforcement and has been shown to enhance their ability to bear compressive loads. Though microtubules are conventionally regarded as bearing compressive loads, in certain circumstances during traumatic brain injuries, they are placed in tension. In our model, microtubule bundles were formed from a large number of discrete masses. We employed Standard Linear Solid model (SLS), a viscoelastic model, to computationally simulate microtubules. In this study, we investigated the dynamic responses of two dimensional axonal microtubules under suddenly applied end forces by implementing discrete masses connected to their neighboring masses with a Standard Linear Solid unit. We also investigated the effect of the applied force rate and magnitude on the deformation of bundles. Under tension, a microtubule fiber may rupture as a result of a sudden force. Using the developed model, we could predict the critical regions of the axonal microtubule bundles in the presence of varying end forces. We finally analyzed the nature of microtubular failure under varying mechanical stresses.

摘要

轴突是神经元细胞的重要组成部分,轴突微管是轴突中的束状结构。在轴突中,微管被微管相关蛋白tau包裹,tau是中枢神经系统中一种天然未折叠的丝状蛋白。这些蛋白质负责交联轴突微管束。通过与其他tau蛋白的互补二聚化,在附近的微管之间形成桥接从而形成束状结构。微管束的形成导致其横向加固,并已被证明能增强其承受压缩载荷的能力。虽然微管通常被认为承受压缩载荷,但在创伤性脑损伤的某些情况下,它们会受到拉力。在我们的模型中,微管束由大量离散的质量块形成。我们采用标准线性固体模型(SLS),一种粘弹性模型,对微管进行计算模拟。在本研究中,我们通过用标准线性固体单元将离散质量块与其相邻质量块相连,研究了二维轴突微管在突然施加的端部力作用下的动态响应。我们还研究了施加力的速率和大小对束状结构变形的影响。在拉力作用下,微管纤维可能会因突然的力而断裂。使用所开发的模型,我们可以预测在不同端部力作用下轴突微管束的关键区域。我们最终分析了在不同机械应力下微管失效的性质。

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