Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sir James Foots Building, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Geography, Planning, and Environmental Management, Steele Building, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Earth and Environment, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sir James Foots Building, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
J Hazard Mater. 2015 Aug 15;293:131-57. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.03.024. Epub 2015 Mar 14.
Globally, 3 Gt of bauxite residue is currently in storage, with an additional 120 Mt generated every year. Bauxite residue is an alkaline, saline, sodic, massive, and fine grained material with little organic carbon or plant nutrients. To date, remediation of bauxite residue has focused on the use of chemical and physical amendments to address high pH, high salinity, and poor drainage and aeration. No studies to date have evaluated the potential for microbial communities to contribute to remediation as part of a combined approach integrating chemical, physical, and biological amendments. This review considers natural alkaline, saline environments that present similar challenges for microbial survival and evaluates candidate microorganisms that are both adapted for survival in these environments and have the capacity to carry out beneficial metabolisms in bauxite residue. Fermentation, sulfur oxidation, and extracellular polymeric substance production emerge as promising pathways for bioremediation whether employed individually or in combination. A combination of bioaugmentation (addition of inocula from other alkaline, saline environments) and biostimulation (addition of nutrients to promote microbial growth and activity) of the native community in bauxite residue is recommended as the approach most likely to be successful in promoting bioremediation of bauxite residue.
全球目前储存了 3 亿吨铝土矿残渣，每年还会产生 1.2 亿吨。铝土矿残渣是一种碱性、盐性、含钠、块状和细颗粒物质，几乎没有有机碳或植物养分。迄今为止，铝土矿残渣的修复工作主要集中在使用化学和物理改良剂来解决高 pH 值、高盐度和排水不良及通气不良的问题。迄今为止，尚无研究评估微生物群落作为化学、物理和生物改良剂综合方法的一部分对修复的潜在贡献。本综述考虑了自然碱性、盐性环境，这些环境对微生物的生存提出了类似的挑战，并评估了适应这些环境生存并具有在铝土矿残渣中进行有益代谢能力的候选微生物。发酵、硫氧化和胞外聚合物的产生作为生物修复的有前途的途径，无论是单独使用还是组合使用。建议在铝土矿残渣中对本地群落进行生物增强（添加来自其他碱性、盐性环境的接种物）和生物刺激（添加营养物质以促进微生物生长和活性），这是最有可能成功促进铝土矿残渣生物修复的方法。
