Kalindi Sylvia Chanda, McBride Catherine, Tong Xiuhong, Wong Natalie Lok Yee, Chung Kien Hoa Kevin, Lee Chia-Ying
Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sino Building 326A, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong,
Ann Dyslexia. 2015 Jul;65(2):53-68. doi: 10.1007/s11881-015-0097-8. Epub 2015 Apr 15.
To examine cognitive correlates of dyslexia in Chinese and reading difficulties in English as a foreign language, a total of 14 Chinese dyslexic children (DG), 16 poor readers of English (PE), and 17 poor readers of both Chinese and English (PB) were compared to a control sample (C) of 17 children, drawn from a statistically representative sample of 177 second graders. Children were tested on pure copying of unfamiliar stimuli, rapid automatized naming (RAN), phoneme deletion, syllable deletion, and morphological awareness. With children's ages and Raven's nonverbal reasoning statistically controlled, the PE and PB groups were significantly lower than the C group on phoneme deletion and RAN tasks, while the DG performed significantly better than the PB group on the RAN task. The copying task distinguished the DG group from the C group. Findings particularly highlight the importance of phoneme awareness for word reading in English (but not Chinese), the potential need for fluency training for children with reading difficulties in both Chinese and English, and the important role that copying skills could have specifically in understanding impairment of literacy skills in Chinese (but not English).
为了研究汉语阅读障碍的认知关联以及作为外语的英语阅读困难，我们从177名二年级学生的具有统计学代表性的样本中选取了17名儿童作为对照样本（C组），将14名汉语阅读障碍儿童（DG组）、16名英语阅读能力差的儿童（PE组）和17名汉语和英语阅读能力均差的儿童（PB组）与之进行比较。对儿童进行了不熟悉刺激的纯抄写、快速自动命名（RAN）、音素删除、音节删除和词法意识测试。在对儿童的年龄和瑞文氏非言语推理进行统计学控制后，PE组和PB组在音素删除和RAN任务上显著低于C组，而DG组在RAN任务上的表现显著优于PB组。抄写任务区分了DG组和C组。研究结果特别强调了音素意识对英语（而非汉语）单词阅读的重要性，对汉语和英语阅读困难儿童进行流利度训练的潜在必要性，以及抄写技能在理解汉语（而非英语）读写技能障碍方面可能具有的重要作用。
