饮食模式与生活在美国的南亚人的代谢风险因素相关。
Dietary patterns are associated with metabolic risk factors in South Asians living in the United States.
作者信息
Gadgil Meghana D, Anderson Cheryl A M, Kandula Namratha R, Kanaya Alka M
机构信息
Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA;
Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA; and.
出版信息
J Nutr. 2015 Jun;145(6):1211-7. doi: 10.3945/jn.114.207753. Epub 2015 Apr 22.
BACKGROUND
South Asians are at high risk of metabolic syndrome, and dietary patterns may influence this risk.
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to determine prevalent dietary patterns for South Asians in the United States and their associations with risk factors for metabolic syndrome.
METHODS
South Asians aged 40-84 y without known cardiovascular disease were enrolled in a community-based cohort called Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America. A validated food frequency questionnaire and serum samples for fasting and 2-h glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides, and total and HDL cholesterol were collected cross-sectionally. We used principal component analysis with varimax rotation to determine dietary patterns, and sequential linear and logistic regression models for associations with metabolic factors.
RESULTS
A total of 892 participants were included (47% women). We identified 3 major dietary patterns: animal protein; fried snacks, sweets, and high-fat dairy; and fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes. These were analyzed by tertile of factor score. The highest vs. the lowest tertile of the fried snacks, sweets, and high-fat dairy pattern was associated with higher homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (β: 1.88 mmol/L ⋅ uIU/L) and lower HDL cholesterol (β: -4.48 mg/dL) in a model adjusted for age, sex, study site, and caloric intake (P < 0.05). The animal protein pattern was associated with higher body mass index (β: 0.73 m/kg(2)), waist circumference (β: 0.84 cm), total cholesterol (β: 8.16 mg/dL), and LDL cholesterol (β: 5.69 mg/dL) (all P < 0.05). The fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes pattern was associated with lower odds of hypertension (OR: 0.63) and metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.53), and lower HOMA-IR (β: 1.95 mmol/L ⋅ uIU/L) (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The animal protein and the fried snacks, sweets, and high-fat dairy patterns were associated with adverse metabolic risk factors in South Asians in the United States, whereas the fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes pattern was linked with a decreased prevalence of hypertension and metabolic syndrome.
背景
南亚人患代谢综合征的风险很高，饮食模式可能会影响这种风险。
目的
我们旨在确定美国南亚人的普遍饮食模式及其与代谢综合征风险因素的关联。
方法
年龄在40 - 84岁、无已知心血管疾病的南亚人被纳入一个名为“生活在美国的南亚人动脉粥样硬化介导因素”的社区队列研究。通过横断面研究收集了经过验证的食物频率问卷以及空腹和餐后2小时血糖、胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白、甘油三酯、总胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的血清样本。我们使用主成分分析和方差最大化旋转来确定饮食模式，并使用逐步线性和逻辑回归模型分析其与代谢因素的关联。
结果
共纳入892名参与者（47%为女性）。我们确定了3种主要饮食模式：动物蛋白模式；油炸零食、甜食和高脂肪乳制品模式；水果、蔬菜、坚果和豆类模式。根据因子得分三分位数对这些模式进行分析。在调整了年龄、性别、研究地点和热量摄入的模型中，油炸零食、甜食和高脂肪乳制品模式的最高三分位数与最低三分位数相比，与更高的胰岛素抵抗稳态模型评估值（HOMA-IR）（β：1.88 mmol/L·uIU/L）和更低的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（β：-4.48 mg/dL）相关（P < 0.05）。动物蛋白模式与更高的体重指数（β：0.73 m/kg²）、腰围（β：0.84 cm）、总胆固醇（β：8.16 mg/dL）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（β：5.69 mg/dL）相关（均P < 0.05）。水果、蔬菜、坚果和豆类模式与更低的高血压患病几率（OR：0.63）和代谢综合征患病几率（OR：0.53）以及更低的HOMA-IR（β：1.95 mmol/L·uIU/L）相关（P < 0.05）。
结论
动物蛋白模式以及油炸零食、甜食和高脂肪乳制品模式与美国南亚人的不良代谢风险因素相关，而水果、蔬菜、坚果和豆类模式与高血压和代谢综合征患病率降低有关。
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