Quantitative assessment of enzyme induction by peroxisome proliferators and application to determination of effects on triglyceride biosynthesis in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes.

Potencies for the induction of peroxisomal fatty acyl-CoA oxidase (FACO) and microsomal laurate hydroxylase (LH) were determined for clofibric acid (CPIB), ciprofibrate (Cipro) and gemfibrozil (Gem) in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes based on complete concentration-response analysis and determination of theoretical maximum inductive responses for Cipro. CPIB and Cipro each induced FACO and LH in a concentration-dependent manner. Scatchard analysis of the data allowed calculation of EC50 values (mM) of 0.82 and 0.028 (for FACO) and 0.22 and 0.0081 (for LH) for CPIB and Cipro respectively. The EC50 ratios (CPIB/Cipro) were identical (29-fold) for induction of FACO and LH, supporting the concept that these enzymes are induced by CPIB and Cipro through a common mechanism. By comparison, Gem was relatively ineffective as an inducer of FACO and LH. Furthermore, Gem did not antagonize Cipro-mediated enzyme inductions, suggesting that Gem is a peroxisome proliferator of low potency rather than a partial agonist. Based on the potency and time-course profiles observed for induction of FACO and LH, the effects of CPIB, Cipro and Gem on triglyceride (TG) biosynthesis were determined in the cultured rat hepatocytes. Conditions of maximal FACO and LH induction by the drugs did not result in inhibition of TG biosynthesis in the cells. These results support the in vivo evidence which indicates that FACO and LH induction are not causally linked to the hypotriglyceridemic actions of peroxisome proliferating drugs.