Kalmykov Lev V, Kalmykov Vyacheslav L
Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russian Federation.
Acta Biotheor. 2015 Jun;63(2):203-21. doi: 10.1007/s10441-015-9257-9. Epub 2015 May 16.
The paradox of biological diversity is the key problem of theoretical ecology. The paradox consists in the contradiction between the competitive exclusion principle and the observed biodiversity. The principle is important as the basis for ecological theory. On a relatively simple model we show a mechanism of indefinite coexistence of complete competitors which violates the known formulations of the competitive exclusion principle. This mechanism is based on timely recovery of limiting resources and their spatio-temporal allocation between competitors. Because of limitations of the black-box modeling there was a problem to formulate the exclusion principle correctly. Our white-box multiscale model of two-species competition is based on logical deterministic individual-based cellular automata. This approach provides an automatic deductive inference on the basis of a system of axioms, and gives a direct insight into mechanisms of the studied system. It is one of the most promising methods of artificial intelligence. We reformulate and generalize the competitive exclusion principle and explain why this formulation provides a solution of the biodiversity paradox. In addition, we propose a principle of competitive coexistence.
生物多样性悖论是理论生态学的关键问题。该悖论存在于竞争排斥原理与所观察到的生物多样性之间的矛盾之中。该原理作为生态理论的基础很重要。在一个相对简单的模型中，我们展示了完全竞争者无限共存的一种机制，这违背了竞争排斥原理的已知表述。这种机制基于限制资源的及时恢复及其在竞争者之间的时空分配。由于黑箱建模的局限性，正确表述排斥原理存在问题。我们基于逻辑确定性个体的细胞自动机建立的两物种竞争白箱多尺度模型。这种方法基于公理系统提供自动演绎推理，并能直接洞察所研究系统的机制。它是最有前途的人工智能方法之一。我们重新表述并推广了竞争排斥原理，并解释了为什么这种表述为生物多样性悖论提供了解决方案。此外，我们还提出了竞争共存原理。
