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两种绿胞藻(变形无定绿胞藻和液泡洛氏藻)的核质体基因组序列

Nucleomorph Genome Sequences of Two Chlorarachniophytes, Amorphochlora amoebiformis and Lotharella vacuolata.

作者信息

Suzuki Shigekatsu, Shirato Shu, Hirakawa Yoshihisa, Ishida Ken-Ichiro

机构信息

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.

Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.

出版信息

Genome Biol Evol. 2015 May 22;7(6):1533-45. doi: 10.1093/gbe/evv096.

Abstract

Many algal groups acquired complex plastids by the uptake of green and red algae through multiple secondary endosymbioses. As a result of gene loss and transfer during the endosymbiotic processes, algal endosymbiont nuclei disappeared in most cases. However, chlorarachniophytes and cryptophytes still possess a relict nucleus, so-called the nucleomorph, of the green and red algal endosymbiont, respectively. Nucleomorph genomes are an interesting and suitable model to study the reductive evolution of endosymbiotically derived genomes. To date, nucleomorph genomes have been sequenced in four cryptophyte species and two chlorarachniophyte species, including Bigelowiella natans (373 kb) and Lotharella oceanica (610 kb). In this study, we report complete nucleomorph genome sequences of two chlorarachniophytes, Amorphochlora amoebiformis and Lotharella vacuolata, to gain insight into the reductive evolution of nucleomorph genomes in the chlorarachniophytes. The nucleomorph genomes consist of three chromosomes totaling 374 and 432 kb in size in A. amoebiformis and L. vacuolata, respectively. Comparative analyses among four chlorarachniophyte nucleomorph genomes revealed that these sequences share 171 function-predicted genes (86% of total 198 function-predicted nucleomorph genes), including the same set of genes encoding 17 plastid-associated proteins, and no evidence of a recent nucleomorph-to-nucleus gene transfer was found. This suggests that chlorarachniophyte nucleomorph genomes underwent most of their reductive evolution prior to the radiation of extent members of the group. However, there are slight variations in genome size, GC content, duplicated gene number, and subtelomeric regions among the four nucleomorph genomes, suggesting that the genomes might be undergoing changes that do not affect the core functions in each species.

摘要

许多藻类类群通过多次次生内共生作用摄取绿藻和红藻,从而获得了复杂的质体。在共生过程中,由于基因丢失和转移,藻类内共生体的细胞核在大多数情况下消失了。然而,绿藻门和隐藻门仍然分别保留着绿色和红色藻类内共生体的残余细胞核,即所谓的核质体。核质体基因组是研究内共生起源基因组简化进化的一个有趣且合适的模型。迄今为止,已对四种隐藻门物种和两种绿藻门物种的核质体基因组进行了测序,包括扁藻(373 kb)和海洋洛氏藻(610 kb)。在本研究中,我们报告了两种绿藻门物种——变形无定形藻和液泡洛氏藻的完整核质体基因组序列,以深入了解绿藻门核质体基因组的简化进化。变形无定形藻和液泡洛氏藻的核质体基因组分别由三条染色体组成,大小分别为374 kb和432 kb。对四个绿藻门核质体基因组的比较分析表明,这些序列共有171个功能预测基因(占198个功能预测核质体基因总数的86%),包括一组相同的编码17种质体相关蛋白的基因,并且未发现近期核质体到细胞核的基因转移证据。这表明绿藻门核质体基因组在该类群现存成员辐射之前就经历了大部分的简化进化。然而,四个核质体基因组在基因组大小、GC含量、重复基因数量和亚端粒区域存在细微差异,这表明基因组可能正在经历不影响每个物种核心功能的变化。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c9fb/4494063/329dd3ec7e75/evv096f1p.jpg

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