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巴西南部沿海沙丘地区枕部鬃狮蜥(有鳞目-鬃狮蜥科)的食性

Diet of the lizard Liolaemus occipitalis in the coastal sand dunes of southern Brazil (Squamata-Liolaemidae).

作者信息

Verrastro L, Ely I

机构信息

Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

出版信息

Braz J Biol. 2015 May;75(2):289-99. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.11013.

Abstract

Knowledge of a species' diet provides important information on adaptation and the relationship between the organism and its environment. The genus Liolaemus occurs in the southern region of South America and is an excellent model to investigate the adaptive processes of vertebrate ecology in ecosystems of this region of the world. Liolaemus occipitalis is an endangered species that inhabits the coastal sand dunes of southern Brazil. This species is the most abundant vertebrate in this environment, and it presents unique adaptation characteristics to the restinga environment. The present study analyzed this lizard's diet to verify similarities or differences between this species and other species of the same genus. Specimens were collected monthly from January 1996 to December 1997. The number of items, frequency of occurrence and volume of each prey taxon were determined. Arthropods were identified to the order level, and plant material was identified as flower, fruit, seed and leaves. Variations in the diet of males and females, adults and juveniles and seasons were also analyzed. The data indicate that Liolaemus occipitalis is a generalist, "sit-and-wait" or ambush predator as well as omnivorous, feeding on both arthropods and plant material. Significant ontogenetic differences were verified. Juveniles are more carnivorous, and the intake of plant material increases with size and age. Seasonal differences in diet composition were also observed. In the spring, arthropod and plant materials were more diversified and, therefore, consumed more often.

摘要

了解一个物种的饮食能提供有关其适应性以及该生物与其环境之间关系的重要信息。鬃狮蜥属分布于南美洲南部地区,是研究世界该地区生态系统中脊椎动物生态适应性过程的绝佳模型。枕部鬃狮蜥是一种濒危物种,栖息于巴西南部的沿海沙丘。该物种是这种环境中数量最多的脊椎动物,并且呈现出对后滨环境独特的适应特征。本研究分析了这种蜥蜴的饮食,以验证该物种与同一属其他物种之间的异同。从1996年1月至1997年12月每月采集标本。确定了每个猎物分类单元的数量、出现频率和体积。节肢动物鉴定到目级,植物材料鉴定为花、果实、种子和叶子。还分析了雄性和雌性、成年和幼年以及不同季节饮食的变化。数据表明,枕部鬃狮蜥是一种多食性的“坐等”或伏击性捕食者,也是杂食性动物,以节肢动物和植物材料为食。验证了显著的个体发育差异。幼年个体更偏向肉食性,植物材料的摄入量随着体型和年龄的增长而增加。还观察到饮食组成的季节性差异。在春季,节肢动物和植物材料更加多样化,因此被消耗得更频繁。

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