当针对毒力进行实验性选择导致毒力丧失时。

When experimental selection for virulence leads to loss of virulence.

作者信息

Rafaluk Charlotte, Jansen Gunther, Schulenburg Hinrich, Joop Gerrit

机构信息

Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, The Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK; Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Zoologisches Institut, CAU Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24119 Kiel, Germany; Institute for Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Gießen, Germany.

Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Zoologisches Institut, CAU Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24119 Kiel, Germany.

出版信息

Trends Parasitol. 2015 Sep;31(9):426-34. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2015.06.002. Epub 2015 Jul 9.

DOI:10.1016/j.pt.2015.06.002

PMID:26166750

Abstract

Information on virulence evolution is critical for understanding disease dynamics. Theory predicts that under certain evolutionary conditions virulence should increase; for example, during host-parasite coevolution. Although these theoretical predictions are supported by natural observations, tests of these hypotheses using experimental evolution have yielded confounding and contradictory results, with discrepancies often being seen among experiments. Here we provide a critical overview of experimental tests of hypotheses regarding virulence evolution and provide potential explanations for the contradictory results. We emphasise the key role of parasite transmission mechanisms that can explain many of the observed discrepancies among evolution experiments. Finally, we make suggestions for how evolution experiments could be conducted in the future to avoid potentially confounding factors.

摘要

关于毒力进化的信息对于理解疾病动态至关重要。理论预测，在某些进化条件下，毒力应该会增加；例如，在宿主 - 寄生虫协同进化过程中。尽管这些理论预测得到了自然观察结果的支持，但利用实验进化对这些假设进行的测试却产生了令人困惑和矛盾的结果，实验之间常常出现差异。在这里，我们对关于毒力进化假设的实验测试进行了批判性综述，并为这些矛盾结果提供了可能的解释。我们强调了寄生虫传播机制的关键作用，它可以解释进化实验中许多观察到的差异。最后，我们就未来如何进行进化实验以避免潜在的混杂因素提出了建议。