Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia.
Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Mol Nutr Food Res. 2016 Jan;60(1):18-42. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201500251. Epub 2015 Aug 27.
There are two types of adipose tissue with distinct functions-white adipose tissue stores chemical energy as triglycerides, whereas brown adipose tissue consumes energy and releases heat (thermogenesis) in response to sympathetic nerve activity. In humans, treatments that promote greater brown adipose tissue deposition and/or activity would be highly beneficial in regimes aimed at reducing obesity. Adult humans have restricted populations of prototypical brown adipocytes in the neck and chest areas, but recent advances have established that adipocytes with similar properties, termed "brite" adipocytes, can be recruited in subcutaneous depots thought to be primarily white adipose tissue. These brite adipocytes express the protein machinery required for thermogenesis, but to assess brite adipocytes as viable therapeutic targets we need to understand how to promote conversion of white adipocytes to brite adipocytes and ways to increase optimal energy consumption and thermogenesis in these brite adipocytes. This can be accomplished by pharmacological and nutritional therapies to differing degrees, as reviewed in detail here.
有两种具有不同功能的脂肪组织——白色脂肪组织将化学能量以甘油三酯的形式储存，而棕色脂肪组织则在交感神经活动的刺激下消耗能量并释放热量（产热）。在人类中，促进更多棕色脂肪组织沉积和/或活性的治疗方法在旨在减少肥胖的治疗方案中非常有益。成年人体内颈部和胸部区域只有有限数量的典型棕色脂肪细胞，但最近的研究进展已经证实，具有相似特性的脂肪细胞，称为“米色”脂肪细胞，可以在被认为主要是白色脂肪组织的皮下脂肪组织中募集。这些米色脂肪细胞表达产热所需的蛋白质机制，但要将米色脂肪细胞视为可行的治疗靶点，我们需要了解如何促进白色脂肪细胞向米色脂肪细胞的转化，以及如何增加这些米色脂肪细胞的最佳能量消耗和产热。这可以通过药理学和营养疗法在不同程度上实现，如本文详细综述。
